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Conversion Kits that Turn Your Boat’s Ice Box Into a Galley Refrigerator

Practical sailor tests frigoboat, waeco adler barbour, and sea frost kits..

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During the past few decades, a technical evolution has made the hardware that powers the refrigeration cycle more efficient and more reliable than ever. Today, almost all new cruisers and racers come with refrigeration, or it is near the top of the options list.

In the May 2007 issue of Practical Sailor, we looked at portable, 12-volt “plug and play” freezer-fridges, with the Norcold MRFT 60 and the Engel MT-35F leading the pack. Here, we review systems from three principal makers, Dometic Corp., Frigoboat, and Sea Frost. These are among the most popular ice-box conversion systems on the North American market today. Each is designed as a do-it-yourself kit that turns the ice box into a full-fledged refrigerator and/or small freezer.

Adler Barbour CU-100

All three manufacturers use Danfoss hermetically sealed compressors, devices that have been engineered to house a miniaturized drive motor and compressor inside a grapefruit-size air-tight tank. The evolution of the units DC controller eliminates the need for a conventional commutator and brush assembly, and two decades worth of improvements have significantly increased the systems efficiency. The result is an easy-to-install fridge for modest-sized sailboats with well-insulated ice boxes, and an easily expandable system (compressors can be piggy-backed) to suit larger boats.

Design Origins

The modern marine refrigeration system can be traced back to ice-cube guru Mike Adler, a cruising sailor who applied his engineering talents to a cause that any modern sailor can appreciate-developing a compact, efficient, and reliable alternative to ice.

Going against the prevailing trend of systems with high-capacity mechanical, engine-driven compressors, Adler staked his reputation on the compact Danfoss brushless 12-volt DC electric compressor. It didnt take long for Adlers system to attract converts. The German-engineered Danfoss compressor was not only reliable, it was truly the wave of the future, as advances in battery capacity and charging systems favored 12-volt systems.

The hermetically sealed electric compressor wasnt a new concept. It was introduced in 1926 by General Electric, and the AC version had dominated household refrigeration for many decades. What differentiates the Danfoss is that it eliminates the inefficient brush-and-commutator design of conventional DC motors. Using an external, solid-state controller and three-phase pulse technology to propel the motor, the Danfoss unit has improved efficiency and reliability.

Hermetic units, like their mechanical drive cousins, have pros and cons. The systems strongest attribute is its reliability, a factor that has no doubt contributed to the sagging demand for “Freon Jockeys,” those mobile fridge-repair artists who once enjoyed superhero status on the cruising circuit.

The history of the system aboard Practical Sailor Technical Editor Ralph Naranjos Ericson 41 illustrates well the robustness of the early Adler Barbours. Naranjo installed an original Adler Barbour unit aboard his sloop, Wind Shadow, in 1982. He replaced the evaporator in 1990 and finally removed the unit in 2009 in order to long-term test some of the newer models. Not alone did the original unit perform exceptionally well; energy for its operation was generated by four ARCO M-55 solar panels that continue today to deliver the same current they delivered in 1982.

What We Tested

The refrigeration systems Practical Sailor selected for this comparison-the Waeco-Adler Barbour Cold Machine (CU-100) from Dometic Corp., the Frigoboat Capri 35F, and the Sea Frost BD-represent a good cross-section of whats on the conversion-kit market today.

Heir to Mike Adlers brainchild, the Cold Machine is a widely distributed production-boat standard. Its maker, Waeco, was acquired in 2007 by Dometic Corp., a Swedish-based multinational that oversees a huge line of marine products.

The Frigoboat system was developed by Veco SPA, a family-run company based in Italy that has specialized in marine refrigeration (and now air conditioning) for more than 25 years. The Sea Frost BD, the only U.S.-made unit in the review, comes from a relatively small but successful New Hampshire-based company that has been around for more than two decades. The company often gets good reviews from Practical Sailor readers for its outstanding customer service.

All of these units are compact and easy to install, well suited for a do-it-yourself installation. The units run with a whisper-quiet whir and a faint, reassuring gurgle of refrigerant circulation. All use R-134A refrigerant, which replaced R-12 several years ago. They draw from 3 to 6.5 amps when operating. Their duty cycle, or percentage of time that they remain on, depends upon the climate, size of the box, insulation, and how the box is used.

Most manufacturers recommend picking a system with enough cooling capacity so that the compressor is running 50 percent of the time that the fridge is in use. The importance of efficiency is self-evident once you leave the dock. Even at a modest 2- to 3-amp-hour draw, the current consumption over a 24-hour period can add up to 48 to 72 amp-hours.

Cold Machine

Dometic carries on the tradition pioneered by Adler with a line that includes air- and water-cooled 12- and 24-volt DC hermetic units. We tested the CU-100. This system uses the BD50F Danfoss compressor, and testers found it to have approximately 25-percent more cooling capacity than the Danfoss BD35F compressor. The increase in capacity stems from a 25-percent larger displacement, but the BD50F compressor fits into the same shell as the BD35F, and all dimensions remain the same.

The current consumption and capacity vary according to box temp and the motor RPM selected, but along with the 25-percent increase in cooling capacity comes a power demand thats about 40-percent higher than the BD35F. This means that the BD50F tends to have a lower coefficient of performance (COP) than the BD35F, but theres more at stake than the numbers indicate. Efficiency is one factor, but it is equally important that the box and climate constraints are matched with the capacity of the unit. In this respect, choosing a reefer is a bit like selecting a car: The job at hand, rather than fuel efficiency, may define what is best for you. You don’t want a Toyota Prius to do the work of a pickup.

On many boats, the box size, insulation efficiency, and the ambient conditions may best suit the smaller, more efficient BD35F system. But sometimes, even a small ice box may need high-capacity cooling due to poor insulation, brutally hot weather, or because hot can drinks are frequently being cycled into the box. These environmental and use factors can challenge a reefer systems capacity. Dometic uses only the BD50F, believing that the 25-percent increase in capacity offsets its decrease in its overall efficiency.

The Danfoss controller offers several new features. Perhaps the most interesting is Automatic Energy Optimizing (AEO)-a smart controller relay that automatically changes the compressors RPM based upon running conditions. The RPM “soft starts” at a slower RPM, then ramps up based upon an algorithm that adds 400 RPM every 12 minutes until the unit either reaches 3,500 RPM, or cuts off after reaching its thermostat setting. The reasoning behind this gradual start is that it makes more efficient use of cooling capacity, but under higher heat loads, the unit automatically ramps up to its maximum RPM.

In our test unit, the larger Danfoss BD50F compressor was teamed with a larger evaporator (VD-152) that provided increased cooling surface area, so this system was able to drop the box temperature a little more quickly than its competitors, but it also demonstrated an increased appetite for amp-hours.

Sizing the evaporator to match the box is important, but it is just as critical that the evaporator matches the output capacity of the compressor. Adler Barbour carefully pairs up its hardware for optimum performance. The larger BD50F compressor is also offered by both Frigoboat and Sea Frost. This compressor is a good fit for boxes over 8 cubic feet or for boats cruising tropical climates, but its greater cooling capacity comes with increased power consumption. The laws of physics allow no free lunches, something worth keeping in mind when comparing these products.

The simplest and most common form of thermal control is the conventional mechanical thermostat, a switching device that uses a probe sensor (gas-filled tube) and a diaphragm-type, mechanical on/off relay. This analog function allows users to select a “general” turn-on and turn-off point to keep the box cycling within a few degrees. We found that these reliable but rust-prone mechanical thermostats could be set to cycle within the 39- to 42-degree range. Over the years, the galvanized mild-steel sheet metal in these thermostats corrode, but they often outlast the evaporator units they regulate.

There were a few construction details that testers didnt like about the new Cold Machine. The first was the one-time-only nature of the self-sealing connectors. Once made fast, the compressor and evaporator components cannot be disconnected without losing the refrigerant. Other systems had more expensive resealable fittings that allowed the components to be disconnected without losing their charge, a feature that adds greater flexibility for the do-it-yourselfer. Also, among the three systems scrutinized, the Cold Machines tube soldering showed the most oxidation, due to what appeared to be a lack of quality control. This may be isolated to our particular unit, but it stood out. Lastly, the connector for the thermostat circuit used the RJ-11-type “telephone” plug to connect the control unit to the compressor. No matter how well you protect this socket, this is a poor connection for the marine environment. Despite these few shortfalls, the system performed flawlessly, offered more capacity than its competitors, and was competitively priced, keeping it in close contention with the others.

Bottom line: The Cold Machine is a good pick for sailors who can live without modest gains in energy efficiency, particularly those with a bigger box, or a less-than-perfect environment for cooling. Its connectors and tubing hold it back in terms of construction quality and user-friendly installation.

Compact, efficient, and extremely well made, the air-cooled Capri 35F squeaked ahead in our tightly competitive group of three. The system is a good example of component miniaturization with a bent toward efficiency.

The Danfoss BD35F compressor, control unit, fan, and condenser fit on a 10-by-8.25-inch stainless-steel tray, and offered the smallest footprint of all the units tested. The rectangular evaporator bin can be tucked neatly into a small 2.5-cubic foot reefer/freezer and is also rated for boxes as big as 10 cubic feet.

One of the features we liked most was the manual mode, an option that lets the user select the most efficient, low-power setting (2,000 RPM), delivering the highest COP. This setting, which runs the compressor at a slower speed but for a longer period, is useful for boats that depend on alternate energy sources such as solar and wind power. The rate at which amp-hours are depleted at this lower setting more closely matches the real-world outputs of onboard renewable energy sources. All the Danfoss units tested have the ability to be run at 2,000 RPM, but Frigoboat makes it easy to accomplish with the manual override Smart Speed Control (SSC), a simple circuit board attachment, or the AEO controller.

The large diameter stainless-steel connectors with O-ring seals proved to be user friendly, and required the lowest torque for tightening. This system, unlike the one used by Dometic, allows you to connect and disconnect couplings without any significant gas loss. The attention to soldering detail and care taken with the overall refrigerant plumbing was exemplary as was the overall design of the system.

The evaporator frosted up in the shortest period of time and even when running on the “high” RPM setting, the return tube did not show signs of frosting, two indicators of a properly charged system. The aluminum evaporator bin is not rugged, but as demonstrated by the 10-year lifespan of similar technology, the efficient cooling surface is appropriate for the job at hand.

Our most significant complaint about the Frigoboat related to the overlap length of the small ?-inch copper tubing that was much longer than the -inch return line. In order to connect it to the compressor, a very careful curve had to be made, avoiding any kink or restriction in the thinner tubing. The purpose of the different lengths of tubing is to allow a more compact cluster of couplings when it comes time to press or pull the tubing through a conduit or tight confine. In this case, a good idea was simply overdone, in our opinion.

During our testing, we used Frigoboats standard mechanical thermostat. This worked quite well, but it was not as efficient as the optional digital model. The latter allows for more precise cut-in and cut-out temperature control. We found the Smart Speed Control to be very useful, allowing us to shape the units current demand based upon cooling needs as well as battery condition. For example, when the charge was diminished (battery voltage under load at around 12.1 volts DC), switching to the 2,000 RPM setting not only gave us the highest COP, but the fridges low 2.9-amp current draw extended the discharge capability of the battery bank.

Bottom line: Test results in the Value Guide on the adjacent page speak for themselves, underscoring that the Capri 35F is both efficient and packs quite a bit of capacity in a small package. It also ranks high with regard to attention to details and construction quality.

The 12-volt DC, air-cooled BD plate system from Sea Frost that we tested uses a Danfoss BD50F compressor the company tucks into a powder-coated alloy box. The compact box protects components and provides efficient ducting for the fan.

Sea Frost founder and owner Cleave Horton prefers to pre-set the BD35F to its highest capacity 3,500 RPM run mode. This is accomplished by adding a 1,500-ohm resistor to the thermostat circuit. Its a Danfoss-approved modification. The upside is more capacity while the downside is a lower COP.

The Sea Frost system uses a half-inch-thick stainless-steel cold plate-style evaporator rather than the more common pressed aluminum evaporator. Both approaches handle the evaporation portion of the cooling cycle, providing surface area where a cold metal can come into contact with warmer air and allow thermal transfer to take place. Another design difference in the Sea Frost system is that the liquid refrigerant squirts through a more efficient expansion valve rather than a simple capillary tube. The drop in pressure at the expansion valve allows the liquid to become a gas, and the cooling process begins. In either type, the more refrigerant you have changing state and the more evaporator surface available, the more effective the system will be.

A look at evaporator efficiency offers a quick lesson in thermodynamics. Testers were interested in how the stainless-steel plate stacked up against the alloy box-type evaporators used by Sea Frosts competitors. A look at the thermal conductivity of metals shows aluminum as more efficient, but Sea Frost contends that because of the slow rate of heat transfer, this is not significant. In addition, the softer aluminum is more prone to damage from blows, corrosion, or an ice pick. So despite its efficiency handicap (as measured in amp-hours), the durable stainless-steel evaporator plate ranks high for user friendliness.

Sea Frost adds value with its close attention to details such as high-quality Aeroquip self-sealing connectors, carefully silver-soldered joints, and the component protection afforded by an enclosed, well-ducted compressor. The stainless-steel evaporator plate comes with spacers for mounting it just off the box wall, leaving the internal space of the ice box well preserved.

The efficient Danfoss BD50F is wired to run full-bore at 3,500 RPM, but the AEO controller protects against overload and under-current operation. Unfortunately, the efficiency of the 2,000-RPM low-current demand cycle is not available with the manual thermostat or with the optional electronic thermostat and thermometer. However, the latter offers precise cut-in and cut-out temperature control that can help reduce unnecessary running time.

A manual throttle up/throttle down effect can be achieved through the use of Sea Frosts BD Speed Control, a three-position switch that changes the resistance in the thermostat circuit. The result is an RPM selection (low, medium, high) that includes the extremes and midpoint of the 2,000- to 3,500-RPM operating range. With zero ohms of resistance, the RPM stabilizes at about 2,000 RPM, and this low speed offers the least cooling capacity, but the highest energy efficiency. A 1,500-ohm resistance placed in the thermostat circuit delivers just the opposite effect. The specified COP identifies the most effective setting for energy efficiency (2,000 RPM), however, it involves longer run times and a lower rate of BTU removal.

Keeping the duty cycle under 50 percent is important, especially with a BD50F compressor at full RPM. Heat, in the ice box as well as in the compressor space, is the systems enemy. And in larger, less efficient ice boxes, theres always the opportunity to step up to the increased capacity of Sea Frosts BDxp unit, with a larger plate, two plates, and/or a water-cooled condensor.

Bottom line: The Sea Frost BD system is a well-made alternative to the alloy evaporator system. The builder has taken extra steps to keep the delicate fins of the condenser well protected and offers an attractive, and ruggedly fabricated stainless-steel evaporator thats proven to outlast alloy bins or plates.

Conclusions

This test targeted three of the most respected manufacturers in marine refrigeration systems, each capitalizing upon advances in the Danfoss compressor. During testing, we quickly saw that each of these three systems were capable of many years of good performance.

To a great extent, individual needs will guide selection. For instance, if the bottom line is energy efficiency and the ability to cool a small, well-insulated box with the least amp-hours possible, Frigoboats Capri 35F gets the nod. If sheer ruggedness is important, Sea Frost takes the lead. Finally, those with a larger ice box planning to cruise in a sweltering climate may be better off with the more powerful BD50F compressor and large evaporator that comes with the Cold Machine.

The Frigoboats Best Choice rating is due in large part to its amp-miser efficiency and compact size. Another big plus was the simple power management system that came with the remote manual/auto control, allowing crew to pick an operating RPM (capacity) so that when the engine was running, the alternators excess power could be used most efficiently. And during the night, when power reduction was a big plus, the 2,000 RPM run speed would maximize the COP.

Testers found Sea Frost and Frigoboat neck-and-neck in quality control and attention to detail. Frigoboat also offers stainless-steel plates, an efficient keel cooler, and several remote digital thermostats/controllers. However, it wasnt these features that clinched it. Instead, it was a combination of efficiency, reliability, and capacity that gave line honors to the Frigoboat.

  • Refrigeration 101
  • Practical Sailor Value Guide: 12-Volt Ice Box Conversion Kits
  • A Chilling Task: Measuring Efficiency
  • Achieving Energy Independence
  • A Closer Look
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A V-Guide in use on stainless pulpit railing. V-Guides keep your drill bit from walking off either side of the curved surface. They are a helpful tool in this scenario since stainless requires steady, slow, lubricated pressure to drill properly.

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The refrigeration just covers three manufacturers (eleven years ago), all use the same compressor. If the same compressor is used in nearly all manufacturers it would seem that the only item to review is the thermostat/controller. Are you splitting hairs here? why would an Isotherm at less money not be the wise buy? Ted Smith

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Choosing The Right Marine Refrigerator For Your Boat

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There's no doubt that a way to keep things cold aboard makes your boating life more pleasant. Here's what you need to know.

Marine refrigerator

Having some form of refrigeration aboard your boat is a godsend. It keeps perishables fresh, prevents milk from going sour, and, should you also have the luxury of a good freezer, can store ice cream for delicious relief on hot days.

If you spend a lot of time at the dock where shore power is readily available, or if you have an onboard generator that you use frequently, your best choice may be a 110v AC refrigeration unit. It's relatively inexpensive, dependable, easy to install, and should give you years of trouble-free service. Most boaters don't live at the dock, however. If you spend time cruising and anchoring out, a better option may be to use either a 12v DC unit or an engine-driven refrigeration system.

Here's what you need to know if you're considering adding or replacing a marine refrigerator aboard your boat.

What Is Marine Refrigeration?

Before getting into exactly what refrigeration is, it's important to understand what it is not. It is a common misunderstanding that refrigeration creates cold, but this is not the case. Rather, refrigeration is the transfer of heat from one area to another. Basically, all refrigerators work on the same principle: A gas is compressed and allowed to expand inside an evaporator (the plate that gets cold inside the refrigerator). As the gas expands it absorbs heat which is then dissipated on the outside of the refrigerator, either to air or sometimes through a seawater heat exchanger. The expanded gas then passes back through the compressor and the cycle repeats. Although there are some exceptions, which we'll cover in a moment, most refrigeration systems consist of six principle components: compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, refrigerant, and thermostat.

Types Of Marine Refrigeration Units

There are three main types of marine refrigeration units: 1. Self-contained units (all-in-one or split systems), 2. thermoelectric, and 3. holding plate systems. Each type has positives and negatives depending on your boat, where you boat, and your marine refrigeration needs.

Self-contained marine refrigeration units. The easiest type of marine refrigeration unit to install is a self-contained unit that looks very similar to one you may have in your home. All the components are typically built into the case with the compressor sitting on a metal tray outside and below the insulated cabinet.

Other self-contained marine refrigeration units are a 12-volt DC split system with the compressor and other components sometimes a fairly considerable distance from the insulated box, which only contains the evaporator plate. Many of these systems are available for DIY installation, with converting an icebox to proper refrigeration a popular upgrade.

The simple installation of only two major components — compressor and evaporator — make these units very popular, and they have greatly improved in recent years. The compressor cycles on and off as the box warms and cools. The amount of time it runs depends on the unit, whether it is raw-water or air cooled, and the amount and type of insulation encasing the cold compartment. While these units draw relatively little current, the total amperage draw over a 24-hour period can be more than the boat's electrical system can handle. A close evaluation of your boat's battery size and recharge capability is in order when installing a 12v DC refrigeration system.

Thermoelectric systems. Thermoelectric refrigeration is the exception to the rule and uses no refrigerant. It is also 12v DC powered but uses what is known as the Peltier effect and has no moving parts except a heat-dissipating fan. These quiet units can last a lifetime, and installation is simple, but they're not for every boat. They're far less efficient than other types, requiring more amps to cool a box. They'll cool the box to 40 to 50 degrees below ambient temperature, which is inadequate for the tropics and other hot weather areas, and possibly not worth the power drain.

Holding plate systems. Engine-driven systems with holding plates are the most powerful system for those wanting deep freezes and lots of ice. The compressor typically runs only once or twice a day for short periods, assuming adequate insulation in the box. However, the initial cost is far more than the cost of a 12v DC unit and it is more complicated, so there's a greater potential for problems. If you consider an engine-driven compressor, factor in the cost of labor of mounting the compressor on the engine itself rather than on a nearby stringer. This allows the compressor to vibrate and move with the engine, resulting in less wear and tear on bearings. Also consider that you will not want the compressor to block access to other components. Usually this type of unit is installed by qualified professionals while other types of 12-volt units are easier to install by a "do-it-yourselfer." Some units have two refrigerant channels in the holding plates with the option of separate AC or DC run compressors for use when plugged in to the dock.

Look for marine-grade construction materials. Most holding plates are made of electropolished or powder-coated stainless steel which is corrosion-resistant and attractive. Water-cooled condensers exposed to seawater should be made of a noncorrosive material such as cupronickel. Marine-grade materials add to the initial cost of the unit, but if you're going to make this kind of investment, buy a dependable unit that will last. Check the manufacturer's warranty — longer is better.

Powering A Refrigerator

There are basically three options when it comes to powering refrigeration: 1. AC units that are powered either from a shore power connection or generator, 2. DC units that run from a boat's battery bank, and 3. engine-driven units that have a compressor powered by a belt running from the engine.

Most 12v DC units come with an air-cooled condenser, although a water-cooled condenser, often an upgrade, is preferable, especially in warmer climates. Water cooling is more efficient, so you get greater cooling capacity with a smaller unit, and they can be installed almost anywhere. Air-cooled condensers must be mounted where they can be ventilated to dissipate the high heat removed from the ice box. For 12vDC running at dockside, simply plug in your battery charger and replace the battery power you're using. Away from the dock, your primary consideration is how often and how long you must run your engine to have ice and cold food. Having a dedicated battery bank for your refrigeration unit is a good idea, but remember that you still have to run your engine, generator, or have a wind generator or solar panel to recharge the battery. You can increase your options with an AC/DC refrigerator or icemaker. The dual-voltage units switch from AC to DC automatically when the AC power source is shut off.

Converting An Icebox

If you plan to convert your existing ice box to a refrigerator and/or freezer using a conversion kit, pay special attention to the box's insulation. Heat loss through leakage can be cut in half by increasing the insulation from 2 to 6 inches. Most refrigeration manufacturers will be happy to provide you with good information for properly insulating and/or building an ice box for use with their units.

Portable units can be a popular alternative for some boats that do not have space for a permanently installed refrigerator. They're a smaller, lighter, and a convenient alternative to hauling that heavy, bulky cooler of ice on every outing. But, typically, they don’t cool as well as a permanently installed unit.

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26-12-2022, 08:58  
Boat: 1976 Tradewind 34
cabinets on a that has only had a mobile selfcontained dometic fridge before. I want to put the unit about 5-6 feet away into the lazarette to keep the hot air away from the in the summer. I have about 130L of space in the cabinet but after accounting for I expect for the inner volume of my fridge to be about 65L. I am planning to have a stainless box made and then glue layers of foam between the stainless box and the walls of my wooden cabinets. The access will be from the top.

Other considerations are for a drain hole in the bottom for easy . Hole for a door open and LED light. Tray supports so I can have a shelf.

I have spoken to some technical people at industrial fridge manufacturers here in but my engineer’s mind is still craving more information especially around best practices and design considerations. Are there any resources you guys would recommend me to read up?

I would also love to hear from anyone who has gone through building such a thing themselves and what you yave learned, what would you differently?

Thank you!
26-12-2022, 11:27  
Boat: Wharram Tiki 38
. Too many other mission-critical things had to be done instead so I bought a very efficient one. I think I'd look into vacuum as an addition to some foam. Easy enough to buy if there's anyone still well enough to be making them in , but you can make your own. Save you a lot of space.

I don't have enough data for a broad comparison but my 100L top loading fridge with 100mm of foam insulation and a good double lid seal uses 1/3 less than the 50L front opening with the allegedly super-efficient swing it replaced. This includes a tropical summer with heat indices over 105 for months. Which is to say that insulation and a really good compressor go a long way. As a further example of insulation, I found that I could put ice in a pre-chilled Walmart gallon vacuum jug and it would stay frozen for a week if left undisturbed in the fridge. I have seen data suggesting that above 100mm the rate of improvement decreases but vacuum are about 10x as effective as the best foam. No-one seems to make large double wall vacuum containers suitable for building into a fridge... Shouldn't be too hard to make one if you have the time and resources.
I'd add a way to separate things on shelves or in crates for ease of organization, make it easy to drain and easy to clean. Cold air is more dense so put lots of insulation at the bottom and make sure the lid is very well sealed, preferably with a double seal. I think a hinged lid with a prop of some kind is better than a lift-off when space is already limited. If you wanted a fridge and you could potentially wall off a portion at the bottom with an insulated layer and install the temperature there, then use a fan to duct cold air to the rest of the fridge, using a separate temp sensor to trigger the fan.

My fridge needs at least three inches of free air space around it for efficient heat transfer but if you have the workings installed remotely that shouldn't be an issue. People have reported at the boundary between and insulation and it might be good to look into this and think about some air gap around the cooler box.
26-12-2022, 12:57  
Boat: Bruce Bingham Christina 49
in humid conditions. It's not too bad, but we need it wipe up the from time to time.

As mentioned, this is a front opening fridge that is 6 cu ft.. In the heat of the summer, we use ~35-40ah to keep it at ~35F. Here is for more details. (We now use a digital thermostat instead of a mechanical)

Since we installed the fridge, we made a top load 3.5 cu ft. with a magnetic seal for the door. This time the box was made with Coosa and lined with f/g and white grade (lesson learned, no SS box). The Frigoboat system was similar to the fridge with a digital thermostat.

For the freezer, we used ~6" of pink board on the sides/top and >8" on the bottom (non usable space due to the shape of the hull). This amount of insulation along with the magnetic seal on the door produced a super efficient freezer. Again tested in the summer heat, we were able to keep the freezer at 4-6F and only use 22ah.


My bottom line:
Although it is easy to clean, no SS box unless it doesn't have any protruding flanges.

Use a digital thermostat which are easily made with an Inkbird (or similar device).

Use a magnetically sealed . We purchased a custom one online to fit our door dimensions and it wasn't expensive.

Add as much insulation as possible to increase energy efficiency.
26-12-2022, 20:45  
Boat: Swanson 42 & Kelly Peterson 44
in Tasmania I saw a duty cycle of less than 10%, but there were mornings where the of the fridge was actually warmer than the interior of the .

I hope some of this helps.

Matt
27-12-2022, 10:46  
Boat: Gulfstar 51
on the freezer because it is deep
3) brackets welded into internal box that can support adjustable sliding shelves
4) shelves were made from easy to clean 1/2 inch polycorbonate- shelves all have pattern of holes drilled into them to facilitate air circulation
5) both fridge and freezer have two large holding plates in each-- these take up a lot of room along with accompanying piping which is inside box
6) digital thermostat- yes-- also get one with an and temp readout
7) used 2 part foam to seal in cracks and areas that i could not get to- nasty stuff to with but effective--- put at least 6 inches of insulation on side of box facing outside particularly in hot climate
8) VERY IMPORTANT- i have an air pipe with a small computer fan that circulates air top to bottom in my large fridge box-- keeps temps uniform and greatly improved performance and utility- it runs continuously as draw is minimal
9) my unit draws around 6 amps at 12 volts DC and runs at about a 50% duty cycle keeping at 15 degrees F in freezer and 36 degrees in fridge- i have separate compressors in each
10) agree with hinged as well as making sure you have excellent seal on top -- door/hatch insulation should be at least 4 inches
11) highly recommend cool blue technautics as a source for parts- no affiliation they just did a great job for me
12) system running on easily replaceable 134a ( easy to source and to carry extra gas on board
13) i fabricated a cutting board that fitted over the to provide even more insulation and seal- be sure to put a rim around hatch at the top if counter can get wet to prevent from draining into box
14) if i had to do over again, i might put a water tank on one side with an external insulated tap so that i could get cold water without opening the box- may do that yet
15) oversize to compressor to prevent voltage drops - compressors must be well ventilated (mine are air cooled, i would not want water cooled due to power draw and more complexity)- locate compressors where you can clean the heat exchange portion easily
16) freezer and fridges may well have different solutions in holding plates if separate boxes
17) a removeable basket at the top may be as easier than top shelves
good luck
27-12-2022, 13:48  
Boat: Luders 33 - hull 23
in the summer. I have about 130L of space in the cabinet but after accounting for insulation I expect for the inner volume of my fridge to be about 65L. I am planning to have a stainless box made and then glue layers of insulation foam between the stainless box and the interior walls of my wooden galley cabinets. The access will be from the top.



Other considerations are for a drain hole in the bottom for easy . Hole for wiring a door open sensor and LED light. Tray supports so I can have a shelf.



I have spoken to some technical people at industrial fridge manufacturers here in but my engineer’s mind is still craving more information especially around best practices and design considerations. Are there any resources you guys would recommend me to read up?



I would also love to hear from anyone who has gone through building such a thing themselves and what you yave learned, what would you differently?



Thank you!
28-12-2022, 11:13  
Boat: 35 Ft. cutter, custom
has largely gone the way of the Dodo bird.
In all of the retrofits I've done, (installing in an existing stainless box,) very few times have I come across one in which the insulation was hermetically sealed against the metal.
In general, metal boxes are excellent producers of condensation, and , (like patching an un-needed hole or a leaking seam,) are almost futile.
Simply trying to glue insulation against the metal without any air space(s) is a "hope-and-a-prayer" situation.
If the box can be turned upside down, a dam built around it, and liquid foam poured all over and around the box then a reasonable chance of success can be achieved.
The liquid must be poured directly on the metal and allowed to expand outward, you cannot just pour the foam in such a way as to allow the foam to expand against the metal.
Also, expect that if you drop a frozen "something" of much weight into the box the metal could flex and compromise the insulation bond in that spot, (foam doesn't like to flex).
A process that was used in the old days was to "glue" the foam panels to the stainless with tar, applied hot, and the foam panel(s) stuck on to the tar before it hardened.
Really, a well laid-up/thick box is superior for a .
The need for zero air space between box and insulation still applies.
28-12-2022, 13:48  
Boat: 1988 Pacific Seacraft 34
I know of on the subject. Unfortunately, all are 20 years or more old. It is a shame that there is little currently in print on the subject. Someone ought to...

Refrigeration for Pleasure - , , and , Nigel Calder, 1991.

Do-It-Yourself Boat Refrigeration, R. L. Kollmann, 2000.

12 & 24 Volt Refrigeration Manual, Richard L. Kollmann, 2003.

The Perfect Box: Thirty-Nine Ways to Improve Your Boat's Ice Box, Edgar J. Beyn, 1989.

A Yeti V cooler is $800 for 24.75” L x 16.625” W x 17.37” H all with the risk of sudden and complete failure if the vessel is breached and the vacuum is .
28-12-2022, 13:58  
Boat: Sundeer 64
I know of on the subject. Unfortunately, all are 20 years or more old. It is a shame that there is little currently in print on the subject. Someone ought to...

Refrigeration for Pleasure - , , and , Nigel Calder, 1991.

Do-It-Yourself Boat Refrigeration, R. L. Kollmann, 2000.

12 & 24 Volt Refrigeration Manual, Richard L. Kollmann, 2003.

The Perfect Box: Thirty-Nine Ways to Improve Your Boat's Ice Box, Edgar J. Beyn, 1989.

A Yeti V cooler is $800 for 24.75” L x 16.625” W x 17.37” H all with the risk of sudden and complete failure if the vessel is breached and the vacuum is .
28-12-2022, 15:28  
Boat: Riva 48
fridge design. You need an insulated box and a compressor/evaporator. The easiest way is to get a residential fridge that fits your cabinet and a 12/24V truck portable fridge with a Danfoss compressor, then replace the 110/220V compressor with the DC compressor. The Danfoss control units (read the manual) have a number of settings where you can control the speed of the compressor to match the volume of your compartment. In my case, I found a residential fridge that fit my cabinet for $150 and a second hand truck fridge/Danfoss for $90. Much better than the $2,000+ units that would not even fit my space.
28-12-2022, 16:21  
Boat: Shannon 50 Ketch
and against using a drain. Not only is it a big hit on efficiency, it’s also a source of condensation in the .
28-12-2022, 17:41  
Boat: Morgan 382
, and a double seal. How do you build that?

Also, is it worth exploring the newer high tech insulating materials? Vacuum Insulation panels or Aero gel? I understand that there are diminishing returns with higher insulation, but 4" of Styrofoam is R20, and in that same 4" you could get R90 with 2 inches of VIP sandwiched between Styrofoam. Can you get to a point where if you don't open the box the compressor will only run once in 24 hrs?
28-12-2022, 18:14  
Boat: 35 Ft. cutter, custom
28-12-2022, 18:15  
Boat: Schionning Waterline 1480
.

How close to a vacuum does it need to be to outperform foam?

Anyone ?
28-12-2022, 18:29  
Boat: Morgan 382
 
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Refrigeration-Frigoboat Keel Cooled vs. others?

sailboat refrigeration unit

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sailboat refrigeration unit

Shawn-- We went through a similar process awhile ago and decided against the keel cooler option. Several of our friends opted for the system and had the experience of having the lubricating oil in the coolant collect in and obstruct the keel cooler which disables the system. One of our friends has abandoned a FrigoBoat system after two+ years of efforts and repeated malfunctions. We did go with the FrigoBoat air-cooled option simply because it replaced the system that originally came on our boat and I did not want to have to change the cabinetry to fit a different arrangement. Thus far it has worked very well and we're satisfied with it although, believe it or not, the new unit is not quite as efficient as it's 1986 era predecessor which may be a function of the new refrigerants verses R-12. In addition to the FrigoBoat for the refrigerator, we also have a separate SeaFrost for the freezer and I have found that to be somewhat more efficient. If we could have fit another SeaFrost in the space we had available, I would have gone with another. The "expert" on refrigeration is a fellow by the name of Don Kollmann. See KollmannMarine Boat Refrigeration Specialist FWIW...  

sailboat refrigeration unit

svHyLyte said: We went through a similar process awhile ago and decided against the keel cooler option. Several of our friends opted for the system and had the experience of having the lubricating oil in the coolant collect in and obstruct the keel cooler which disables the system. One of our friends has abandoned a FrigoBoat system after two+ years of efforts and repeated malfunctions. FWIW... Click to expand...

I've had the Frigoboat with the keel cooler for about 10 years now, and am very happy with the choice... I've yet to have any significant issue with it whatsoever, it's been pretty flawless... it's virtually silent, the only time I ever notice it is the very faint "shudder" the compressor emits when it shuts off... Only maintenance is to keep the keel cooler free of marine growth, pretty simple chore if it's located reasonably close to the waterline...  

FWIW I think the older FrigoBoat units were much more robust than the current editions. Our original unit was a 1986 version installed by the builder when the yacht was manufactured and it worked very well for 24 years. We finally replaced it when the compressor died and although we could obtain another compressor, that would have been with "no guaranty" and would have cost about half of what the replacement system cost. I have heard the same sentiments from other owners of the older units...  

My frigiboat keel cooler has a zinc that must be checked and replaced when needed. I have seen a boat with the consequenses of zinc neglect on the keel cooler.  

sailboat refrigeration unit

Am in the same decision process and think I'll probably wind up buying one of the Isotherm coldplate units. Have not yet decided to go water cooled or air. I don't like the extra layer of things to break on any of the water cooled exchangers although they are slightly more efficient. Just seems I remember seeing a few posts over time about various problems with water cooled units either getting clogged, corroding, etc. http://www.defender.com/product.jsp?path=-1|406|10789|322423&id=58870  

sailboat refrigeration unit

I'm a big fan of any of the keel-cooled variants. The two most common choices are the Frigoboat keel-cooler and the Isotherm SP. My experience with both has been very good, even when neglected. Both do have their own zincs to watch after. The Isotherm SP has its heat exchanger wrapped around a thru-hull (galley sink drain on Auspicious) so it can be installed in the water. In addition, as long as you don't accidentally put a drain plug in the sink drain acts as a chimney and cooling is quite reasonable (albeit at higher power consumption) on the hard. I would not hesitate to purchase either a Frigoboat keel-cooler or an Isotherm SP. Both are very reliable and significantly quieter than a classical water cooled unit. The air-cooled units are reliable but can be noisier than a keel-cooled/SP although quieter than a classic water-cooled. They do become one more source of heat in the cabin. When looking at stand-alone Engel air cooled freezers for a friend I did some calculations that clearly indicated that the heat from an air-cooled refrigeration unit was significantly less than the heat shed by a person down below from breathing and body temperature, so while an air-cooled unit does add to heat loading it is much less than people. *grin*  

sailboat refrigeration unit

Our keel cooled Frigoboat has worked nearly flawlessly for 8 (?) years; interesting to read the above comment that the older systems are more robust than the newer ones. Their website has a table to calculate your power use that, if anything, OVERestimates what you'll need. We use about 25 silent amp-hours per day for two good-size cold boxes plus a shoebox-sized freezer. We're only on the hard a few weeks per year, so rather than adding the air-cooled option, we just use block ice for that short time.  

Wow, 25 amp hours is great for that amount of cubic footage. That would add up to only about 2 hours of output/day from my 2 solar panels, an acceptable amount. The thing that seems to be difficult to find is the predicted cycle time. The amperage range is in the specs. of these units but there is no estimate of theoretical run-time. This would give a much clearer idea of actual amp/hours. It would be nice to see a chart with variables of cubic feet, R-value of the enclosure, ambient temp, and cycle time. This would give a much better basis for sizing a unit. Have not seen the Frigoboat table you mentioned, maybe they have done this.  

Smurphy, yes, they've done exactly that: you tell it box volume, amount of insulation, water temp, and they tell you usage. We can run indefinitely off our solar panels in 70-degree water. Better in summer with longer hours of daylight, worse in autumn when the water's still warm and the days are short.  

Yes, their calc. page gives a good idea about actual amp hours. At least it's a basis for coming up with a guesstimate. My calc comes up to only 19.9 for 4 cubic feet, using a keel cooler. I like their opinion piece on coldplates as well which has convinced me to scrap the old coldplate. Although a couple of hundred bucks more than the Isotherm unit I was looking at, the Frigoboat looks at least as good and they have put together a very nice website. I really like the design of their keel cooler and the fact that it does not depend on salt water intake like the Isotherm.  

OK gurus... Ideas on "oversizing" the unit a little? Or is it just a waste? Thanks for all the replies. I think I'm leaning towards a Frigoboat and will make the purchase soon, but what about NorCold by Thetford? Not a keel cooled unit but pretty inexpensive, around $600 + http://www.defender.com/product.jsp?path=-1|406|10789|322424&id=10854  

Do you oversize the chiller on a walk-in? I know that heat-pumps and aircon experts generally discourage significant oversizing. I expect reefers would be the same. The Norcold is air-cooled I think so you would have to be sure you can get good ventilation of the compressor location, both intake and exhaust without circulation of the hot exhaust air back into the intake. No personal experience with the Norcold to offer that I know of.  

sailboat refrigeration unit

Hi Shawn, Not sure if you decided already, but I just thought I'd throw in for the Frigoboat. Ours was installed by the previous owner, so I don't know the exact age. But it has run flawlessly for the past 8 years or so that we've owned our boat. It is VERY miserly on power consumption, too. That being said, ours is configured as a fridge -- not a freezer -- which likely contributes to the lower power draw. I really like the idea of the air-cooled back-up (which ours does not have). Over the years I have consistently commented that the inability to operate the fridge while hauled-out is the one down-side to the keel-cooler. Sounds like they've come up with a good solution. Good luck!  

sailboat refrigeration unit

I'm not sure that oil logging would be the cause of failure. Hot gas enters the keel cooled condensor where its condensed into liquid refrigerant. Refrigerant oil entrained with the hot vapor will readily mix with the liquid refrigerant after the vapor has condensed. More likely cause might have been an overcharged system. I have to research the principle of operation in more depth. Refrigeration systems need some type of head pressure control to prevent liquid refrigerant from flashing to vapor before the metering device(not sure how frigo accomplishes this with their water cooled or keel cooled condensor). Slightly oversized med and low temp refrigerant systems are not as critical as oversizing an a/c or heat pump system, but should be avoided if possible to prevent flooding of refrigerant back to compressor. Air conditioning systems that are oversized will cool down the environment too quickly leading to short cycling equipment and not removing enough humidity resulting in high energy costs, shortened equipment life and a cold damp environment.  

In older systems the oil could break down and form wax in high ambient conditions. SV there really is no way to know what really happened, I agree with you on that. My guess is that keel coolers are very susceptible to marine growth and loss of heat exchange when the boat is "parked" lol hence the addition for air cooling the refrigerant on the way back to the evaporator. SW, these systems are very small, with only a few ounces of refrigerant. Just hooking up gauges to "check the charge" is enough to drastically shorten the charge since the gauge hoses hold about an oz per 3ft hose. DIYers almost ALWAYS assume refrigerant is needed and ALWAYS (well almost always) overcharge systems. They are very basic systems also, no pressure controls, and the 12 volt (or 24) compressors have that controller that is hyper sensitive to everything; temp, resistance, amps, etc.  

sailboat refrigeration unit

T37Chef, we're figuratively in the same boat as you, planning to make a purchase soon on the refrigeration we'll install over the winter. We had been planning on the keel cooler system, but haven't decided 100%. Have you made your choice? Our goal is for the system to be as miserly as possible, even when it's hot. We don't have a ton of space for extra batteries on our Sabre 34, so our house bank will only be 2 Group 31s. If we get the results anything like WingNwing, then we'll be fine. But no guarantees there with different boat, insulation, etc. Anyway, just wondering if you came a conclusion for your boat's needs?  

Hi Jim, We have 2xGrp31 AGMs also, and even now that they are 7+ years old, we typically can go 2+ days easily at anchor on just one of them running all domestics including fridge. We used to be able to get closer to 3 days. We are frugal, of course, with lights etc and careful about not opening the fridge unnecessarily, but we do have kids on board so probably open quite a bit more often than the average couple. And as mentioned above, ours is a fridge, with no freezer capability. We also usually throw a bag of ice in the bottom, too, in case we need some for burns, sprains, bumps, etc. If I recall correctly, our fridge is about 6 cubic feet. I think you'd like the Frigoboat, and if you don't need it to work when the boat is hauled, then you can save the expense of the air-cooled option. As erika mentioned, block ice is often an option if you need it when hauled.  

I don't have my price sheet in front of me, so I'm recalling from the price sheet I saw a few days ago, but that sounds higher than what I spec'd out. Are you planning to go with the K50F as opposed to the K35F? -J  

Ahh, yes the larger compressor and evaporator will make the difference. I was looking at the smaller in both cases. The recommendation I got was for the K35 and the bin shaped 250B evaporator.  

sailboat refrigeration unit

My thoughts..insulate your box better. Alder Barber Super Cold machine, 4 new 6 volt AGM Lifeline low profiles at 440 ah or 220 usable. same footprint as your 2 group 31 for space. All this for the price of Frigoboat. Makes ice cubes too. The other is overkill for your sailing profile and needs Just saying..". Dave  

Hey Chef, I'm really not trying to give you a hard time--REALLY. But I keep hearing that four 6Vs have the same footprint as two Group 31s, but I don't see how that's possible. They're both about about 7" wide. The 6v is about 10" long and the 12v is 13". Am I missing something? On our boat, there's no way 4 6v would fit in the space of our Group 31s. Not even close. Don't get me wrong, you may still have a point about which refrigeration to go with, and I do agree with your point about insulation, in general. I'm just saying about the batteries...so seriously, am I missing something? -J  

sailboat refrigeration unit

We installed an Isotherm SP/ASU system about 10 years ago and highly recommend it. It uses an in-water heat exchanger that is part of a bronze thru hull fitting that replaces your existing galley sink drain thru-hull. Needless to say, the boat needs to be on the hard to do this part. The automatic start up process is particularly suitable for a sailboat. When the controller senses a charging voltage--like from the alternator when the motor is running--it kicks the compressor into high gear to quickly freeze the cold plate. Otherwise, the compressor runs off the house batteries at a lower speed. The manufacturer recommended that we use a special thru hull zinc for the first year on a precautionary basis. We did and it came out at the end of the season showing no noticeable erosion. We removed it and haven't had any problem with corrosion. Per the manufacturer's recommendation, we do not use any antifouling paint inside the thru hull and haven't seen any fouling. By the way, I don't think it's a good idea to run the compressor on the hard, as the heat exchange doesn't work that well in air. In any case, the Isotherm refrigeration has been maintenance free all these years, with the only repairs being due to a lightning strike that took out all of our electronics last year.  

Shawn - I tend to agree with Dave for a price-sensitive solution EXCEPT I don't like AGMs. If your battery box is at all accessible it is hard to beat lead-acid batteries for capacity/$-life. The greater charge capacity of AGMs is a red herring as few boats can generate the charge currents from either battery chargers or alternators to achieve the benefits advertised. My box is under the main berth aft and I check the batteries for level and specific gravity whenever I change the sheets on the berth.  

OK, so we took a few steps back and re-evaluated everything. We also took some measurements, did some additional research, and here's where we are. We're going with Frigoboat, 12v C35 or K35 compressor, smart speed control, digital thermostat (maybe even with the manual speed selection option--not sure), and a vertical "bin" style evaporator (size depending on what will fit). The only question now is air cooled versus keel cooled. I'm a big fan of efficiency, but I'm also a fan of simplicity (both installation and operation), so I go back and forth. I realized that part of the problem is that there isn't independent testing of the two against each other. All I know is what Frigoboat claims about the keel cooler, and that people who have it generally like it (although there have been some complaints about clogging of the tubes). The keel cooler will be more difficult to install, and more difficult to replace if needed. But if the efficiency gains are significant enough, then it's probably worth it. I just can't really quantify that gain for our intended usage...so again...I go back and forth on this one... Anyway, just some thoughts on Frigoboat for today. Cheers, J  

josrulz said: ...The keel cooler will be more difficult to install, and more difficult to replace if needed. ... Click to expand...

In your planning guys. these units do not really make "tons" of btuhs like AC units. I think most are around 300-500 btuhs an hr. not allot of heat to vent  

What about running duct work to the bilge, get some air circulation down there? UM, decisions decisions...still muling mine  

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Monday, September 3, 2018

Tackling moscow by train and boat.

Our first full day in Moscow started fairly late since we were still catching up on sleep.  Around 1, we finally were able to get our act together and get out the door. 

We stopped by a cafe to get some breakfast and headed over to the Red Square.  Since the festival is going on, we had to go through metal detectors.  Once we cleared security, we reached the State Historical Museum which provided an entrance to the Red Square.

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We walked the length of the Red Square, passing by the Kazan cathedral.

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Under normal conditions, the Red Square is a large walking area with the State Historical Museum on one end and St. Basil's on the other end.  On the sides is the Kremlin wall on one side and then the GUM shopping mall and the Kazan cathedral on the other side.  Presently, the walking area has been considerably narrowed and the fesitval grounds occupying a large space between the Kremlin and the mall.

We even asked a stranger to take our picture!

sailboat refrigeration unit

After walking around the Red Square, we had to leave to meet up with our Metro Tour.  

Moscow has famously pretty metro stations so metro tours are quite popular.  We booked a relatively inexpensive tour through a tour group which met outside of the Red Square.

On our way, we passed by the Kremlin gardens and the tomb to the unknown soldier and the eternal flame.

sailboat refrigeration unit

We soon met up with our group which, fortunately, was only 5 people.  Our guide told us that we were going to visit 8 stations during the 1.5 hour tour.  

Honestly, a lot of the stations blended in to me so I won't be able to give you a detailed description of all of them.  However, I did learn that there are 222 metro stations and the trains come every 2-3 minutes reliably.  For that reason, Moscow > DC. 

One of the first metro stations we visited had bronze statues all over of various depictions.  Many of the statues had superstitions tied to them.  For example, for a statue of the dog, it's held that if you rub the nose of the dog, you'll have good luck.  Consequently, most of the statue is tarnished - except for the nose.  I joked to Tomas that they probably rotate the "good luck" portion of the statue to ensure the entire statue gets polished.

However, I do remember some of the stations.

Novoslobodskaya is a station adorned with stained glass on the walls.

sailboat refrigeration unit

There was also Belarusskaya, which paid tribute to Belarus.

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Another station which name I cannot remember but had pretty mosaics in the ceilings.

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My favorite station was Komsomolskaya.  It's the busiest station and a hub for other connecting trains.  It was built during Statlin times and he wanted the station to embody beauty to set a good first impression to Russia.

I'd seen pictures of it beforehand since it's the most famous but it's so much more impressive in person.

Look at these ceilings!

sailboat refrigeration unit

Overall it was a very interesting tour.  Not sure of any other city which could offer a metro tour.  DC certainly can't...

After the tour, we headed back of the hotel to rest for a bit.  We had purchased tickets to a tour hour boat down the Moscow river.  The tickets were good for any time on any day and the boats left every 20min.  We decided to knock the tour out that day and headed over to the pier.  

We arrived at the pier and saw a boat by the company we had purchased from boarding.  We approached and they shook their head and said it wasn't the right boat. 

So we waited for another boat.

Another boat came along by the same company we had purchased from so weapproached them.  Again - we were told it wasn't the right boat and the boat we were looking for was coming.  

A third boat came along which was NOT by the company we had purchased from.  By this point, it had been longer than 20min waiting and I was starting to suspect that the correct boat was actually one of the ones which turned us away.   We approached the 3rd boat to ask if they knew which boat we should be on.  However, when we approached,  they waved us aboard without scanning our tickets.

So, we boarded the 3rd boat....which was definitely not ours.

We settled into an upper deck, open air table to take in the views.

We passed by pretty buildings.

sailboat refrigeration unit

The somewhat impressive cathedral of Christ the Savior.

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This random statue.

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After about hour on the cruise, Tomas remarked that it had been about an hour so we should be turning around soon.  I reminded him that we actually had no idea how long this cruise was or where we would be dropped off.  Since we were on the wrong boat.

Fortunately, it did turn around and took us back to the pier.  

For dinner, we decided to go to this burger place, Black Star Burger, which our guide told us about.  Tomas really liked his - I thought mine was OK.  It was a decent size patty with a mountain of Cole slaw on top.  We've realized that apparently Russians dislike getting their hands dirty while eating so some restaurants will give out gloves to use.  This particular restaurant gave out black gloves.

Tomas modeling our dinner.

sailboat refrigeration unit

Since little mum has been asking about pictures which show my feet, I assume she wanted to see my new shoes.  I recently bought Allbirds which are suppose to be super comfortable walking shoes which you wear without socks and can be washed.  I didn't wear them too extensively beforehand, so that was probably my first error.  I also didn't bring another pair of good walking shoes,  which was likely my second error.  The Allbirds were great the first two days without socks.  Midway through the third day, my right foot was quite unhappy. Left foot was a trooper. So, now I have a bandaid on the heel of my right foot and wear socks.  

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Malibu Boats, Inc. Announces Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2024 Results

LOUDON, Tenn., Aug. 29, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Malibu Boats, Inc. (Nasdaq: MBUU) today announced its financial results for the fourth quarter and fiscal year ended June 30, 2024.

Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2024 Highlights Compared to Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2023

  • Net sales decreased 57.4% to $158.7 million
  • Unit volume decreased 59.0% to 1,045 units
  • Gross profit decreased 87.8% to $12.5 million
  • General and administrative expenses decreased to $21.6 million
  • Net loss increased 8.6% to a net loss of $19.6 million
  • Adjusted EBITDA decreased 104.5% to $(4.1) million
  • Net loss available to Class A Common Stock per share (diluted) increased 9.3% to a net loss of $0.94 per share
  • Adjusted fully distributed net income per share decreased 113.1% to $(0.39) per share on a fully distributed weighted average share count of 21.0 million shares of Class A Common Stock

Fiscal Year 2024 Highlights Compared to Fiscal Year 2023

  • Net sales decreased 40.3% to $829.0 million
  • Unit volume decreased 45.4% to 5,385 units
  • Gross profit decreased 58.1% to $147.1 million
  • General and administrative expenses decreased to $76.3 million
  • Net income decreased 152.3% to a net loss of $56.4 million
  • Adjusted EBITDA decreased 71.0% to $82.2 million
  • Net income available to Class A Common Stock per share (diluted) decreased 154.2% to net loss of $2.74 per share
  • Adjusted fully distributed net income per share decreased 79.1% to $1.92 on a fully distributed weighted average share count of 21.1 million shares of Class A Common Stock

“As the new CEO of Malibu Boats, I am committed to our goal of navigating the near-term headwinds while enhancing our roadmap for strategic growth. I am excited about the opportunity to continue our presence as the premier manufacturer of recreational powerboats. Our focus on developing premium products for all our brands remains unwavering as we introduce our new Model Year 2025 lineup,” commented Steve Menneto, Chief Executive Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. “The deep-rooted history of innovation across our premium brands and feature-rich product portfolio, along with our steadfast commitment to operational excellence, deeply resonates with me. I am excited by the tremendous opportunity to further our mission and drive value to our employees, customers, and shareholders. I look forward to working closely with the entire Malibu Boats family as we demonstrate our resilience through current market headwinds while leveraging our strengths to accelerate our long runway for growth.”

“Despite a softened retail demand environment, we are pleased with our execution as we closed out the fiscal fourth quarter,” commented Bruce Beckman, Chief Financial Officer of Malibu Boats, Inc. “We generated positive cash flow, paid down our remaining debt and returned cash to shareholders. We also made significant progress returning inventory to more normalized levels while upgrading our dealer network. Looking ahead to the next fiscal year, while we expect continued market challenges in the near term, we remain optimistic about the business's potential in a more normalized market. We remain well-positioned to execute on our foundational strengths, navigating the cycle with our flexible cost structure and positioning ourselves to expand our market share and drive profitable growth for our shareholders.”   

Results of Operations for the Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2024 (Unaudited)

    
                 
         
  
Net Sales $158,712  $372,303  $829,035  $1,388,365 
Gross Profit $12,493  $102,462  $147,095  $351,295 
Gross Profit Margin  7.9 %  27.5 %  17.7 %  25.3%
Net (Loss) Income $(19,598) $(18,043) $(56,443) $107,910 
Net (Loss) Income Margin (12.3)% (4.9)% (6.8)%  7.8%
Adjusted EBITDA $(4,090) $90,099  $82,237  $284,036 
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (2.6)%  24.2 %  9.9 %  20.5%
 

Comparison of the Fourth Quarter Ended June 30, 2024 to the Fourth Quarter Ended June 30, 2023

Net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased $213.6 million, or 57.4%, to $158.7 million, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in net sales was primarily due to lower wholesale shipments driven by lower retail activity during the period, increased promotional costs and elevated dealer channel inventory levels. Unit volume for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased 1,505 units, or 59.0%, to 1,045 units compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Our unit volume decreased primarily due to lower wholesale shipments across all segments. The decrease in wholesale shipments were driven by our efforts to address elevated channel inventory resulting from weakening retail demand experienced throughout the fiscal year.

Net sales attributable to our Malibu segment decreased $122.8 million, or 76.6%, to $37.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Unit volumes attributable to our Malibu segment decreased 934 units, or 74.5%, for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in net sales was primarily due to lower wholesale shipments driven by lower retail activity and elevated dealer channel inventory levels during the period and increased promotional costs, partially offset by lower dealer flooring program costs.

Net sales attributable to our Saltwater Fishing segment decreased $57.7 million, or 44.9%, to $71.0 million, for the three months ended June 30, 2024, compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Unit volumes decreased 370 units, or 51.0% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in net sales was driven by a decrease in units and increased dealer flooring program costs, partially offset by a favorable model mix and inflation-driven year-over-year price increases.

Net sales attributable to our Cobalt segment decreased $33.1 million, or 39.7%, to $50.2 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Unit volumes attributable to Cobalt decreased 201 units, or 35.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in net sales was driven primarily by a decrease in units and increased dealer flooring program costs, partially offset by inflation-driven year-over-year price increases.

Overall consolidated net sales per unit increased 4.0% to $151,878 per unit for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. Net sales per unit for our Malibu segment decreased 8.0% to $117,690 per unit for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, driven by increased promotional costs and increased dealer flooring program costs, partially offset by inflation-driven year-over-year price increases. Net sales per unit for our Saltwater Fishing segment increased 12.5% to $199,331 for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, driven by favorable model mix and inflation-driven year-over-year price increases, partially offset by increased promotional costs and dealer flooring program costs. Net sales per unit for our Cobalt segment decreased 7.0% to $135,695 per unit for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, driven by an unfavorable model mix, partially offset by inflation-driven year-over-year price increases.

Cost of sales for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased $123.6 million, or 45.8%, to $146.2 million as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in cost of sales was primarily driven by a 59.0% decrease in volumes and partially offset by increasingly normalized inflationary pressures. In the Malibu segment, per unit material and labor costs increased $8.4 million driven by increased prices due to inflationary pressures, offset by a decrease in volume. In the Saltwater Fishing segment, per unit material and labor costs increased $8.2 million driven by increased prices due to inflationary pressures and an increased mix of larger models that corresponded with higher net sales per unit, offset by a decrease in volume. In the Cobalt segment, per unit material and labor costs increased $1.8 million driven by increased prices due to inflationary pressures, partially offset by an increased mix of smaller models that correspond to a lower net sales per unit.

Gross profit for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased $90.0 million, or 87.8%, to $12.5 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in gross profit was driven primarily by lower sales revenue. Gross margin for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased 1,960 basis points from 27.5% to 7.9%, driven by increased promotional costs across all segments, decreased mix of Malibu and Axis models that carry a higher gross margin and fixed-cost deleveraging.

Selling and marketing expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased $0.6 million, or 10.6%, to $4.9 million compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease was driven primarily by a decrease in compensation and boat show and related events for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. As a percentage of sales, selling and marketing expenses increased 160 basis points to 3.1% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased $96.4 million, or 81.7%, to $21.6 million as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was driven primarily by the settlement of product liability cases for $100.0 million during the three months ended June 30, 2023, partially offset by an increase in compensation and personnel-related expense. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses decreased 1,810 basis points to 13.6% for the three months ended June 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023, almost entirely due to the settlement of product liability cases discussed above. Amortization expense remained flat at $1.7 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Operating loss for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased to $24.4 million from an operating loss of $22.6 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Net loss for the three months ended June 30, 2024 increased 8.6% to a net loss of $19.6 million from a net loss of $18.0 million and net loss margin increased to (12.3)% from (4.9)% for the three months ended June 30, 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended June 30, 2024 decreased 104.5% to $(4.1) million from $90.1 million, while Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased to (2.6)% from 24.2% for the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Comparison of the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2024 to the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2023

Net sales for fiscal year 2024 decreased $559.3 million, or 40.3%, to $829.0 million, compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease in net sales was driven primarily by decreased unit volumes across all segments resulting primarily from decreased wholesale shipments and increased promotional costs across all segments resulting from elevated channel inventory levels and increased flooring costs for the Saltwater Fishing and Cobalt segments, partially offset by a favorable model mix in our Saltwater Fishing segment and inflation-driven year-over-year price increases. Unit volume for fiscal year 2024 decreased 4,478 units, or 45.4%, to 5,385 units compared to fiscal year 2023. Our unit volume decreased primarily due to lower wholesale shipments across all segments. The decrease in wholesale shipments were driven by our efforts to address elevated channel inventory resulting from weakening retail demand experienced throughout the fiscal year.

Net sales attributable to our Malibu segment decreased $357.1 million, or 56.1%, to $279.1 million for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. Unit volumes attributable to our Malibu segment decreased 2,946 units for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease in net sales was primarily due to lower wholesale shipments driven by lower retail activity during the period, increased promotional costs and elevated dealer channel inventory levels.

Net sales attributable to our Saltwater Fishing segment decreased $121.6 million, or 27.1%, to $327.5 million for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. Unit volumes decreased 952 units for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease in net sales was driven by a decrease in units and increased dealer flooring program costs, partially offset by a favorable model mix and inflation-driven year-over-year price increases.

Net sales attributable to our Cobalt segment decreased $80.6 million, or 26.6%, to $222.4 million for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. Unit volumes attributable to Cobalt decreased 580 units for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease in net sales was driven primarily by a decrease in units, increased dealer flooring program costs and unfavorable model mix, partially offset by inflation-driven year-over-year price increases.

Overall consolidated net sales per unit increased 9.4% to $153,953 per unit for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023. Net sales per unit for our Malibu segment increased 3.1% to $127,983 per unit for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023, driven by an increased mix of higher optioned boats and inflation-driven year-over-year price increases, partially offset by increased promotional costs and increased dealer flooring program costs. Net sales per unit for our Saltwater Fishing segment increased 15.4% to $200,577 per unit for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023, driven by a favorable model mix and inflation-driven year-over-year price increases, partially offset by increased promotional activities and increased dealer flooring program costs. Net sales per unit for our Cobalt segment increased 0.5% to $141,542 per unit for fiscal year 2024 compared to fiscal year 2023, driven by inflation-driven year-over-year price increases, partially offset by increased promotional activities, unfavorable model mix, and increased dealer flooring program costs.

Cost of sales for fiscal year 2024 decreased $355.1 million, or 34.2%, to $681.9 million compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease in cost of sales was primarily driven by a 45.4% decrease in volumes and partially offset by increasingly normalized inflationary pressures. In the Malibu segment, per unit material and labor costs increased $24.3 million driven by an increased mix of larger models that corresponded with higher net sales per unit, fixed-cost deleveraging due to lower volumes and increased prices due to inflationary pressures. In the Saltwater Fishing segment, per unit material and labor costs increased $31.7 million driven by an increased mix of larger models that corresponded with higher net sales per unit, fixed-cost deleveraging due to lower volumes and increased prices due to inflationary pressures. In the Cobalt segment, per unit material and labor costs increased $5.8 million driven by fixed-cost deleveraging due to lower volumes and increased prices due to inflationary pressures.

Gross profit for fiscal year 2024 decreased $204.2 million, or 58.1%, compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease in gross profit was driven primarily by lower sales revenue along with fixed-cost deleveraging. Gross margin for fiscal year 2024 decreased 760 basis points from 25.3% to 17.7% driven primarily by an increased mix of the Saltwater Fishing segment and increased dealer flooring program costs.

Selling and marketing expense for fiscal year 2024 decreased $1.2 million, or 5.1% to $22.8 million compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease was driven primarily by a decrease related to boat show and related events. As a percentage of sales, selling and marketing expense increased 100 basis points to 2.7% for fiscal year 2024 compared to 1.7% for fiscal year 2023. General and administrative expense for fiscal year 2024 decreased $99.4 million, or 56.6%, to $76.3 million compared to fiscal year 2023. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily driven by the $100.0 million settlement of product liability cases in June 2023. Additionally, there was a decrease in compensation and personnel-related expenses partially offset by increases in legal and professional fees, licenses and permits, and IT infrastructure expenses. As a percentage of sales, general and administrative expenses decreased 350 basis points to 9.2% for fiscal year 2024 compared to 12.7% for fiscal year 2023. Amortization expense for fiscal year 2024 remained flat at $6.8 million.

Operating (loss) income for fiscal year 2024 decreased to a loss of $55.9 million from $144.8 million for fiscal year 2023. Net (loss) income for fiscal year 2024 decreased 152.3% to a loss of $56.4 million from $107.9 million and net (loss) income margin decreased to (6.8)% for fiscal year 2024 from 7.8% for fiscal year 2023. Adjusted EBITDA for fiscal year 2024 decreased 71.0% to $82.2 million from $284.0 million, while Adjusted EBITDA margin decreased to 9.9% for fiscal year 2024 from 20.5% for fiscal year 2023.

Fiscal 2025 Guidance

For the full fiscal year 2025, Malibu anticipates net sales increase percentage in the low single digits year-over-year and Adjusted EBITDA margin ranging from 10%-12%.

The Company has not provided reconciliations of guidance for Adjusted EBITDA margin, in reliance on the unreasonable efforts exception provided under Item 10(e)(1)(i)(B) of Regulation S-K. The Company is unable, without unreasonable efforts, to forecast certain items required to develop meaningful comparable GAAP financial measures. These items include acquisition and integration related expenses, costs related to the Company’s vertical integration initiatives and litigation expenses that are difficult to predict in advance in order to include in a GAAP estimate.

Webcast and Conference Call Information The Company will host a webcast and conference call to discuss fourth quarter and fiscal year 2024 results on Thursday, August 29, 2024, at 8:30 a.m. Eastern Time. Investors and analysts can participate on the conference call by dialing (833) 630-1956 or (412) 317-1837 and requesting Malibu Boats. Alternatively, interested parties can listen to a live webcast of the conference call by logging on to the Investor Relations section on the Company’s website at https://investors.malibuboats.com . A replay of the webcast will also be archived on the Company’s website for twelve months.

About Malibu Boats, Inc.

Based in Loudon, Tennessee, Malibu Boats, Inc. (MBUU) is a leading designer, manufacturer and marketer of a diverse range of recreational powerboats, including performance sport, sterndrive and outboard boats. Malibu Boats, Inc. is the market leader in the performance sport boat category through its Malibu and Axis boat brands, the leader in the 20’ - 40’ segment of the sterndrive boat category through its Cobalt brand, and in a leading position in the saltwater fishing boat market with its Pursuit and Cobia offshore boats and Pathfinder, Maverick, and Hewes flats and bay boat brands. A pre-eminent innovator in the powerboat industry, Malibu Boats, Inc. designs products that appeal to an expanding range of recreational boaters, fisherman and water sports enthusiasts whose passion for boating is a key component of their active lifestyles. For more information, visit www.malibuboats.com , www.axiswake.com , www.cobaltboats.com , www.pursuitboats.com , or www.maverickboatgroup.com .

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This release includes the following financial measures defined as non-GAAP financial measures by the Securities and Exchange Commission: Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA Margin, Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income and Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income Per Share. These measures have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered as an alternative to, or more meaningful than, net (loss) income as determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) or as an indicator of our liquidity. Our presentation of these non-GAAP financial measures should also not be construed as an inference that our results will be unaffected by unusual or non-recurring items. Our computations of these non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to other similarly titled measures of other companies.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as net (loss) income before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation, amortization, and non-cash, non-recurring or non-operating expenses, including goodwill and other intangible asset impairment expense, abandonment of construction in process, litigation settlements, certain professional fees, non-cash compensation expense and adjustments to our tax receivable agreement liability. We define Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin are not measures of net income as determined by GAAP. Management believes Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin allow investors to evaluate our operating performance and compare our results of operations from period to period on a consistent basis by excluding items that management does not believe are indicative of our core operating performance. Management uses Adjusted EBITDA to assist in highlighting trends in our operating results without regard to our financing methods, capital structure and non-recurring or non-operating expenses. We exclude the items listed above from net income in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA because these amounts can vary substantially from company to company within our industry depending upon accounting methods and book values of assets, capital structures, the methods by which assets were acquired and other factors.

Certain items excluded from Adjusted EBITDA are significant components in understanding and assessing a company’s financial performance, such as a company’s cost of capital and tax structure, as well as the historical costs of depreciable assets.

We define Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income as net (loss) income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. (i) excluding income (benefit) tax expense, (ii) excluding the effect of non-recurring or non-cash items, (iii) assuming the exchange of all LLC units into shares of Class A Common Stock, which results in the elimination of non-controlling interest in Malibu Boats Holdings, LLC (the "LLC"), and (iv) reflecting an adjustment for income tax (benefit) expense on fully distributed net (loss) income before income taxes at our estimated effective income tax rate. Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income is a non-GAAP financial measure because it represents net (loss) income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., before non-recurring or non-cash items and the effects of non-controlling interests in the LLC. We use Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income to facilitate a comparison of our operating performance on a consistent basis from period to period that, when viewed in combination with our results prepared in accordance with GAAP, provides a more complete understanding of factors and trends affecting our business than GAAP measures alone. We believe Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income assists our board of directors, management and investors in comparing our net income on a consistent basis from period to period because it removes non-cash or non-recurring items, and eliminates the variability of non-controlling interest as a result of member owner exchanges of LLC units into shares of Class A Common Stock. In addition, because Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income is susceptible to varying calculations, the Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income measures, as presented in this release, may differ from and may, therefore, not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies.

A reconciliation of our net income as determined in accordance with GAAP to Adjusted EBITDA and the numerator and denominator for our net income available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income per share of Class A Common Stock is provided under "Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures".

Cautionary Statement Concerning Forward Looking Statements

This press release includes forward-looking statements (as such term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995). Forward-looking statements can be identified by such words and phrases as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should,” “continue” and similar expressions, comparable terminology or the negative thereof, and includes statements in this press release regarding our optimism for the Company's potential in a more normalized market; our goal of navigating the near-term headwinds while enhancing our roadmap for strategic growth; and our guidance for fiscal year 2025 net sales and Adjusted EBITDA margin.

Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements, including, our large fixed-cost base; our ability to execute our manufacturing strategy; our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products; increases in the cost of, or unavailability of, raw materials, component parts and transportation costs; disruptions in our suppliers’ operations; our reliance on third-party suppliers for raw materials and components; our reliance on certain suppliers for our engines and outboard motors; climate events in areas where we operate; our ability to meet our manufacturing workforce needs; our dependence on key management employees and our ability to transition to a new Chief Executive Officer; our ability to grow our business through acquisitions and integrate such acquisitions to fully realize their expected benefits; our growth strategy which may require us to secure significant additional capital; our ability to enhance existing products and develop and market new or enhanced products; our ability to protect our intellectual property; compromises or disruptions to our network and information systems; risks inherent in operating in foreign jurisdictions; general economic conditions; the continued strength and positive perception of our brands; the sale of boats previously held in inventory by our former dealer, Tommy's Boats; increased consumer preference for used boats, alternative fuel-powered boats or the supply of new boats by competitors in excess of demand; the seasonality of our business; competition within our industry and with other activities for consumers’ scarce leisure time; changes in currency exchange rates; inflation and rising interest rates; our reliance on our network of independent dealers and increasing competition for dealers; the financial health of our dealers and their continued access to financing; our obligation to repurchase inventory of certain dealers; our exposure to risks associated with litigation, investigation and regulatory proceedings; an impairment in the carrying value of goodwill, trade names and other long-lived assets; any failure to comply with laws and regulations including environmental, workplace safety and other regulatory requirements; covenants in our credit agreement governing our revolving credit facility which may limit our operating flexibility; our obligation to make certain payments under a tax receivable agreement; and any failure to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls or procedures; and other factors affecting us detailed from time to time in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Many of these risks and uncertainties are outside our control, and there may be other risks and uncertainties which we do not currently anticipate because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions at the time made, we can give no assurance that our expectations will be achieved. Undue reliance should not be placed on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. We undertake no obligation (and we expressly disclaim any obligation) to update or supplement any forward-looking statements that may become untrue because of subsequent events, whether because of new information, future events, changes in assumptions or otherwise. Comparison of results for current and prior periods are not intended to express any future trends or indications of future performance, unless expressed as such, and should only be viewed as historical data.

Investor Contacts                                         

Malibu Boats, Inc. Bruce Beckman Chief Financial Officer (865) 458-5478 [email protected]

 



 
   
                
Net sales$158,712  $372,303  $829,035  $1,388,365 
Cost of sales 146,219   269,841   681,940   1,037,070 
Gross profit 12,493   102,462   147,095   351,295 
Operating expenses:       
Selling and marketing 4,870   5,449   22,784   24,009 
General and administrative 21,570   117,962   76,323   175,694 
Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment       88,389    
Abandonment of construction in process 8,735      8,735    
Amortization 1,697   1,697   6,811   6,808 
Operating (loss) income (24,379)  (22,646)  (55,947)  144,784 
Other expense (income), net:       
Other expense (income), net 29   178   (4)  331 
Interest (income) expense (9)  118   1,842   2,962 
Other expense, net 20   296   1,838   3,293 
(Loss) income before (benefit) provision for income taxes (24,399)  (22,942)  (57,785)  141,491 
(Benefit) provision for income taxes (4,801)  (4,899)  (1,342)  33,581 
Net (loss) income (19,598)  (18,043)  (56,443)  107,910 
Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest (377)  (623)  (531)  3,397 
Net (loss) income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc.$(19,221) $(17,420) $(55,912) $104,513 
        
       
Net (loss) income$(19,598) $(18,043) $(56,443) $107,910 
Other comprehensive income (loss):       
Change in cumulative translation adjustment 582   (213)  142   (833)
Other comprehensive income (loss) 582   (213)  142   (833)
Comprehensive (loss) income (19,016)  (18,256)  (56,301)  107,077 
Less: comprehensive (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest (366)  (630)  (516)  3,371 
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc., net of tax$(18,650) $(17,626) $(55,785) $103,706 
        
       
Basic 20,395,625   20,611,175   20,439,449   20,501,844 
Diluted 20,395,625   20,611,175   20,439,449   20,641,173 
      
Basic$(0.94) $(0.86) $(2.74) $5.10 
Diluted$(0.94) $(0.86) $(2.74) $5.06 
 
 



 
   
   
Current assets   
Cash$26,945  $78,937 
Trade receivables, net 23,141   68,381 
Inventories, net 145,573   171,189 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets 6,470   7,827 
Total current assets 202,129   326,334 
Property, plant and equipment, net 244,601   204,792 
Goodwill 51,415   100,577 
Other intangible assets, net 175,449   221,458 
Deferred tax asset 58,097   62,573 
Other assets 7,933   10,190 
Total assets$739,624  $925,924 
   
Current liabilities   
Accounts payable 19,152   40,402 
Accrued expenses 119,430   187,078 
Income taxes and distribution payable 4   847 
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, current portion    4,111 
Total current liabilities 138,586   232,438 
Deferred tax liabilities 17,661   28,453 
Other liabilities 8,045   9,926 
Payable pursuant to tax receivable agreement, less current portion 40,613   39,354 
Total liabilities 204,905   310,171 
   
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized; 20,181,542 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024; 20,603,822 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 200   204 
Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 12 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024; 12 shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023     
Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2024; no shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023     
Additional paid in capital 64,222   86,321 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (4,198)  (4,340)
Accumulated earnings 469,785   525,697 
Total stockholders' equity attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. 530,009   607,882 
Non-controlling interest 4,710   7,871 
Total stockholders’ equity 534,719   615,753 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$739,624  $925,924 
 

MALIBU BOATS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Reconciliation of Net (Loss) Income to Non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin (Unaudited):

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net (loss) income as determined in accordance with GAAP to Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA Margin for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands):   

   
                
Net (loss) income$(19,598) $(18,043) $(56,443) $107,910 
(Benefit) provision for income taxes (4,801)  (4,899)  (1,342)  33,581 
Interest (income) expense (9)  118   1,842   2,962 
Depreciation 6,967   5,765   26,178   21,912 
Amortization 1,697   1,697   6,811   6,808 
Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment        88,389    
Abandonment of construction in process  8,735      8,735    
Litigation settlement     100,000      100,000 
Professional fees  1,110   4,781   3,096   4,781 
Stock-based compensation expense  1,773   492   4,935   5,894 
Adjustments to tax receivable agreement liability  36   188   36   188 
Adjusted EBITDA$(4,090) $90,099  $82,237  $284,036 
Net Sales$158,712  $372,303  $829,035  $1,388,365 
Net (Loss) Income Margin (12.3)% (4.9)% (6.8)%  7.8%
Adjusted EBITDA Margin (2.6)%  24.2 %  9.9 %  20.5%
(1) Represents impairment of goodwill and trade names related to our Maverick Boat Group reporting unit in the amounts of $49.2 million and $39.2 million, respectively.
(2) For the three and twelve months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded a non-cash charge of $8.7 million associated with the abandonment of the ERP project. The abandonment pertains to long-lived assets including software and other capitalized costs specifically tied to the project and is captured in the Abandonment of construction in process of the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.
(3) Represents settlement of product liability cases in June 2023 for $100.0 million.
(4) Represents legal and advisory fees related to ongoing litigation related to Batchelder matters for fiscal year 2024 and legal and advisory fees related to product liability cases that were settled for $100.0 million in June 2023.
(5) Represents equity-based incentives awarded to certain of our employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC.
(6) For fiscal year 2024, we recognized other expense from an adjustment in our tax receivable agreement liability due to an increase in the state tax rate used in computing our future tax obligations and in turn, an increase in the future benefit we expect to pay under our tax receivable agreement with pre-IPO owners. For fiscal year 2023, we recognized other expense from an adjustment in our tax receivable agreement liability mainly derived by future benefits from Tennessee net operating losses at Malibu Boats, Inc.
(7) We calculate net (loss) income margin as net (loss) income divided by net sales and we define adjusted EBITDA margin as adjusted EBITDA divided by net sales.
 

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income (Unaudited):

The following table shows the reconciliation of the numerator and denominator for net (loss) income available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income per Share of Class A Common Stock for the periods presented (in thousands except share and per share data):

    
               
        
Net (loss) income attributable to Malibu Boats, Inc. $(19,221) $(17,420) $(55,912) $104,513
(Benefit) provision for income taxes  (4,801)  (4,899)  (1,342)  33,581
Litigation settlement      100,000      100,000
Professional fees   1,110   4,781   3,096   4,781
Acquisition and integration related expenses   1,659   1,659   6,672   6,654
Stock-based compensation expense   1,773   492   4,935   5,894
Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment         88,389   
Abandonment of construction in process   8,735      8,735   
Adjustments to tax receivable agreement liability   36   188   36   188
Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest   (377)  (623)  (531)  3,397
Fully distributed net (loss) income before income taxes  (11,086)  84,178   54,078   259,008
Income tax (benefit) expense on fully distributed income before income taxes   (2,716)  20,455   13,249   62,939
Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income $(8,370) $63,723  $40,829  $196,069
 
    
        
        
Weighted average shares outstanding of Class A Common Stock used for basic net income per share: 20,395,625 20,611,175 20,439,449 20,501,844
Adjustments to weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock:        
Weighted-average LLC units held by non-controlling unit holders  321,419 455,919 395,528 543,909
Weighted-average unvested restricted stock awards issued to management  287,221 258,655 266,557 272,116
Adjusted weighted average shares of Class A Common Stock outstanding used in computing Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income per Share of Class A Common Stock: 21,004,265 21,325,749 21,101,534 21,317,869
 

The following table shows the reconciliation of net (loss) income available to Class A Common Stock per share to Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income per Share of Class A Common Stock for the periods presented:

    
                 
Net (loss) income available to Class A Common Stock per share $(0.94) $(0.86) $(2.74) $5.10 
Impact of adjustments:        
(Benefit) provision for income taxes  (0.24)  (0.24)  (0.07)  1.64 
Litigation settlement      4.85      4.88 
Professional fees   0.05   0.23   0.15   0.23 
Acquisition and integration related expenses   0.08   0.08   0.33   0.32 
Stock-based compensation expense   0.09   0.02   0.24   0.29 
Goodwill and other intangible asset impairment         4.32    
Abandonment of construction in process   0.43      0.43    
Adjustment to tax receivable agreement liability      0.01      0.01 
Net (loss) income attributable to non-controlling interest   (0.02)  (0.03)  (0.03)  0.17 
Fully distributed net (loss) income per share before income taxes  (0.55)  4.06   2.63   12.64 
Impact of income tax benefit (expense) on fully distributed income before income taxes   0.13   (0.99)  (0.65)  (3.07)
Impact of decreased share count   0.03   (0.09)  (0.06)  (0.38)
Adjusted Fully Distributed Net (Loss) Income per Share of Class A Common Stock $(0.39) $2.98  $1.92  $9.19 
(1) Represents settlement of product liability cases in June 2023 for $100.0 million.
(2) Represents legal and advisory fees related to ongoing litigation related to Batchelder matters for fiscal year 2024 and legal and advisory fees related to product liability cases that were settled for $100.0 million in June 2023.
(3) For fiscal years 2024, 2023 and 2022, represents amortization of intangibles acquired in connection with the acquisition of Maverick Boat Group, Pursuit and Cobalt.
(4) Represents equity-based incentives awarded to certain of our employees under the Malibu Boats, Inc. Long-Term Incentive Plan and profit interests issued under the previously existing limited liability company agreement of the LLC.
(5) Represents impairment of goodwill and trade names related to our Maverick Boat Group reporting unit in the amounts of $49.2 million and $39.2 million, respectively.
(6) For the three and twelve months ended June 30, 2024, we recorded a non-cash charge of $8.7 million associated with the abandonment of the ERP project. The abandonment pertains to long-lived assets including software and other capitalized costs specifically tied to the project and is captured in the Abandonment of construction in process line of the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income.
(7) For fiscal year 2024, we recognized other expense from an adjustment in our tax receivable agreement liability due to an increase in the state tax rate used in computing our future tax obligations and in turn, an increase in the future benefit we expect to pay under our tax receivable agreement with pre-IPO owners. For fiscal year 2023, we recognized other expense from an adjustment in our tax receivable agreement liability mainly derived by future benefits from Tennessee net operating losses at Malibu Boats, Inc.
(8) Reflects the elimination of the non-controlling interest in the LLC as if all LLC members had fully exchanged their LLC Units for shares of Class A Common Stock.
(9) Reflects income tax expense at an estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate of 24.5% of income before taxes for fiscal year 2024, and 24.3% of income before taxes for fiscal year 2023 in each case assuming the conversion of all LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock. The estimated normalized annual effective income tax rate for fiscal years 2024 and 2023 is based on the federal statutory rate plus a blended state rate adjusted for the research and development tax credit, the foreign derived intangible income deduction, and foreign income taxes attributable to our Australian subsidiary.
(10) Represents the weighted average shares outstanding of LLC Units held by non-controlling interests assuming they were exchanged into Class A Common Stock on a one-for-one basis.
(11) Represents the weighted average unvested restricted stock awards included in outstanding shares during the applicable period that were convertible into Class A Common Stock and granted to members of management.
(12) Reflects impact of increased share counts assuming the exchange of all weighted average shares outstanding of LLC Units into shares of Class A Common Stock and the conversion of all weighted average unvested restricted stock awards included in outstanding shares granted to members of management.
 

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Ukraine war latest: Zelenskyy reveals plan after Kursk invasion; more than 50 killed in double missile strike

Two missiles have killed more than 50 people and injured hundreds in a city in central Ukraine, one of the deadliest attacks by Russia since the invasion of Ukraine. Meanwhile, Volodymyr Zelenskyy has spoken about his intentions after Kyiv launched an incursion into Russia last month.

Tuesday 3 September 2024 22:57, UK

Rescue workers

  • Missiles kill more than 50 people in double strike on Ukrainian city
  • 'Russian scum will pay,' Zelenskyy vows
  • Video shows damage left by deadly attack
  • Mongolia explains why Putin was not arrested
  • Ukraine plans to indefinitely hold seized territory in Russia, Zelenskyy says  
  • Watch: Zelenskyy discusses Kursk invasion in TV interview
  • Big picture: Everything you need to know on the war this week
  • Live reporting by Katie Williams

Expert view

  • Dominic Waghorn: Putin rubbing salt in wounds as Kyiv pleads for long-range attacks
  • Sean Bell: Strike proves Putin's priority is on Ukraine, not incursion into Russia

That brings an end to our live coverage of the Ukraine war for this evening.

We'll be back with any major developments overnight and our rolling updates will continue soon.

Before we go, here's a reminder of the day's key events:

  • Ukrainian authorities said at least 51 people were killed and more than 200 injured in a Russian ballistic missile attack on the central city of Poltava. The missiles hit a military academy and a nearby hospital, officials said;
  • Three days of mourning were declared by Poltava regional head Philip Pronin after one of the deadliest attacks of the war;
  • Moldova's government said its energy dependence on Russia made it difficult to heed a requirement by the International Criminal Court  to arrest Vladimir Putin  as he visited the country.
  • Meanwhile, several government ministers resigned and the deputy head of the Ukrainian president's office was sacked ahead of an expected government reshuffle;
  • And Volodymyr Zelenskyy told NBC News in an exclusive interview that Ukraine planned to indefinitely hold territory seized in its shock invasion of Kursk last month as part of a plan to force Mr Putin to the negotiating table.

Washington plans to send more military aid to Ukraine in the coming weeks, the White House has said.

National security spokesperson John Kirby told a briefing that the US's support for Kyiv remains "unshakeable" and it was focused on strengthening Ukraine's military and defences against Russian attacks.

He noted that the US recently announced another drawdown of military assistance - and said it intends to send another round of aid in the coming weeks.

Mongolia ignored the International Criminal Court's arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin as it rolled out the red carpet to receive him today.

The Russian president should, in theory, have been handcuffed as he arrived - but the Mongolian government said earlier that it was difficult to arrest him due to the country's position of energy dependence on Moscow (see 17.35 post).

Mr Putin was welcomed in the main square of Ulaanbaatar by an honour guard as a crowd of people watched behind temporary barriers.

He and Mongolian leader Ukhnaa Khurelsukh later laid a wreath at a monument to Soviet Marshal Georgy Zhukov, visited a school curated by a Russian economic university and attended a reception ceremony where Mr Putin gave a toast.

Russia has launched another attack on Ukraine, officials have said, less than a day after its deadly ballistic missile strike killed more than 50 people in Poltava.

The regional administration of the northeastern Sumy region said Russian forces launched an airstrike on Sumy city tonight, hitting one of its university buildings.

It said a guided bomb was believed to have been used in the attack. There were no details of any casualties.

"All necessary services are available on site," the administration said in a post to Telegram .

We reported earlier on Voldymyr Zelenskyy's comments that Ukraine plans to indefinitely hold territory it has seized in its Kursk invasion (see 18.17 post).

Asked about the surprise invasion in an interview with our US partner network   NBC News , Mr Zelenskyy said the operation was aimed at restoring Ukraine's "territorial integrity".

He also said Kyiv did not "need" Russian land - but he remained silent on what the next steps would be.

Watch a clip from the interview here...

People are still trapped under the rubble of a building destroyed by a Russian attack in Poltava, Volodymyr Zelenskyy has said.

Rescue efforts are ongoing and rubble is still being cleared, he said in his nightly address.

The Ukrainian president confirmed at least 51 people have died and 271 are injured as a result of one of the deadliest attacks of the war so far.

"I am grateful to all the rescuers, doctors, medical nurses and all the Poltava residents who have joined in to help, donated blood, and who provide support," he said.

"We know that there are people under the rubble of the destroyed building. Everything is being done to save as many lives as possible."

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has posted a video of his meeting with the UN's nuclear chief Rafael Mariano Grossi in Kyiv today.

Mr Grossi, director-general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, met the Ukrainian president ahead of his visit to the Zaporizhzhia power plant, where he said the situation was "very fragile".

"The station is again on the verge of being on a blackout. We've had eight of those in the past. A blackout [means] no power; no power, no cooling. No cooling, then maybe you have a disaster," he told reporters before the meeting.

Mr Zelenskyy said his talks with Mr Grossi were focused "on the issue of strengthening nuclear safety in Ukraine, ensuring constant monitoring not only of the state of NPPs (nuclear power plants), but also of substations that are critical for their operation".

Russia has launched a new military-focused school course as it looks to prepare teenagers "mentally and physically" for service, the UK Ministry of Defence has said.

In its latest intelligence update, the ministry said the course for 15 to 18-year-olds is part of a new programme called "Foundations of Security and Defence of the Motherland".

Over 11 modules, students will cover a range of topics including "combined arms combat and small arms familiarisation", it said.

"The programme seeks to create and will likely result in a more militarised and security focused society," the MoD said.

It added that the new youth strategy in Russia was aimed primarily at preparing "pre-conscription age teenagers mentally and physically for military service".

Russia has also increased the number of summer camps for children which involve various military activities, according to the MoD.

Volodymyr Zelenskyy has dismissed the deputy head of the Ukrainian president's office, Rostyslav Shurma, according to a decree on the presidential website.

Ukrainian media outlets had been reporting that the dismissal of Mr Shurma, who took up the role in November 2021, was being considered by parliament.

The decree does not explain why he was sacked.

Meanwhile, Olha Stefanishyna, Ukraine's deputy prime minister responsible for European integration, has resigned, according to Ukraine's parliamentary speaker.

Her resignation comes after Ukraine's strategic industries, justice and environment ministers also tendered their resignation earlier today (see 15.37 post).

An expected shakeup of Ukraine's government comes at a critical time during the war with Russia, and ahead of Mr Zelenskyy's visited to the US this month where he hopes to present a "victory plan" to Joe Biden.

The Ukrainian president said changes were being undertaken to ensure Ukraine had the strengthened government it needed. 

"Autumn will be extremely important. Our state institutions must be structured in such a way so that Ukraine can achieve all the results it needs," he said.

"For this, we must strengthen some areas of the government and changes in its makeup have been prepared. There will also be changes in the (president's) office." 

A volunteer has recalled how he knew "something evil" had happened as he heard the explosions caused by Russia's missile strike on Poltava today.

Yevheniy Zemskyy, who headed to the area of the attack to offer help, said: "I heard explosions... I was at home at that time. When I left the house, I realized that it was something evil and something bad, I was scared."

Mr Zemskyy said he was worried about the children and other residents of the city.

"That's why we are here today to help our city in any way we can," he said.

According to the prosecutor general's office of Ukraine, at least 51 people were killed in the ballistic missile strike by Russian forces earlier this afternoon. More than 200 people have been injured.

Regional head Philip Pronin called the attack  "a great tragedy" and announced three days of mourning starting tomorrow.

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sailboat refrigeration unit

Location of Refrigeration Unit

  • Thread starter Jeff Martin
  • Start date Oct 14, 2004
  • Catalina Owner Forums
  • Ask A Catalina Owner

Jeff Martin

I have bought a new unit to replace my alderbarbour which died this year. I was wondering if anyone has installed the compressor unit otherthan the stock location under the helm seat? I was trying to free up this area for bulk storage, and wondered if any other locations are viable (under settee, beside hotwater tank, etc.) Thanks 1988 Cat 30 SRWK $5429  

bobcat17801

Loction----- I replaced my total unit first of this season. I mounted the compressor unit in the lazzerette on the ledge just behind the aft galley bulkhead. The wiring and tubing works well. It gets plenty of ventilation.  

Jeff M10656

Jeff M10656

Pictures? Bobcat, Do you have any pictures of your unit ? I would appreciate seeing the setup. email [email protected] Thanks  

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  1. Conversion Kits that Turn Your Boat's Ice Box Into a Galley

    The Danfoss BD35F compressor, control unit, fan, and condenser fit on a 10-by-8.25-inch stainless-steel tray, and offered the smallest footprint of all the units tested. The rectangular evaporator bin can be tucked neatly into a small 2.5-cubic foot reefer/freezer and is also rated for boxes as big as 10 cubic feet.

  2. Isotherm Ice Box Conversion Kits

    Isotherm has the largest range of refrigeration and freezer conversion kits and makes it easy to select the proper system for your boat. Isotherm ice box conversion kits come complete with compressor, evaporator, thermostat, mounting bracket or plate, and are fully charged with quick-connect, self-sealing valves for easy installation. Isotherm ...

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  23. Location of Refrigeration Unit

    I have bought a new unit to replace my alderbarbour which died this year. I was wondering if anyone has installed the compressor unit otherthan the stock location under the helm seat? I was trying to free up this area for bulk storage, and wondered if any other locations are viable (under settee, beside hotwater tank, etc.) Thanks 1988 Cat 30 ...