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CE Yacht Compliance Classification

29 March 2016

The CE Yacht Compliance Classification System is the European (CE stands for “ Conformité Européenne ” in French) dictating the standards for CE Certification for construction and sale of boats . Vessels in one of the categories of controlled products cannot be legally sold in the EU unless they have passed the tests to receive the CE Certification. This regulation applies to all yachts for sale and recreational craft from 2.5 to 24 meters, whether they are intended for navigation at sea or in inland waters. New or used boats coming from countries other than the Member States of the European Union are also subject to CE marking.

In 1994, the countries in the European Union adopted the Recreational Craft Directive (RCD), which they amended in 2003. This constitutes a single set of “harmonized” essential requirements for boats sold in any member country.

The compliance with the RCD is required by law in the European Union member countries, and third-party classification societies inspections and their certifications are required as part of the process of CE yacht compliance classification. Boats are given a CE certification at the end of the process, which confirms that they have passed and comply with the technical, construction, safety and legal requirements making them legally valid for sale in the European Union. In Europe, we call them commonly “CE compliant boats” .

CE certification required

Summary of the origin and CE yacht compliant classification and how certification works.

Since 1998, European legislation indicates that pleasure boats must carry the CE certification (or mark), requiring them to meet certain construction and safety standards. For this, the boats are classified into four categories according to their design and skills to face different sailing conditions depending on the wind force and wave height.

Knowing that the weather is a variable phenomenon, these categories are not intended to limit the distance boaters can sail away (this depends on onboard safety equipment), but rather to responsibly inform them about the capabilities of their boat to safely navigate based on the offshore weather conditions. For each vessel, the design category is characterized by a letter between A and D.

BEAUFORT scale

First, let’s start with the BEAUFORT scale. This scale gives you the status of the sea in order to plan your trips. It was the British admiral Francis BEAUFORT who imagined a scale with sufficiently precise criteria to quantify the wind at sea and allow the divulgation of reliable information universally understood. This scale consists of 13 degrees, from 0 to 12, which is remarkable in this scale is that it can assess the effect of wind on the surface of the sea.

We will focus on the scale with the forces of 6, 7 and 8 to our need for explanations. There is indeed a direct link between the Beaufort scale and the certification of yachts (see photo above of the scale to better understand the graduation of wind forces).

• CE CLASS A yachts are designed for large sea voyages (everywhere), in which wind force may exceed 8 on the scale of BEAUFORT and waves can also exceed a significant height of 4 meters. These yachts are designed largely to be self-sufficient in this rather hostile environment. CAREFUL, in most cases, this is only theoretical.
• CE CLASS B yachts are designed to travel off the coast (200 miles or less) in which the winds can be up to force 8 (not exceeding) and waves can reach a height up to 4 meters (not exceeding).
• CE CLASS C boats are designed for travel close to the coasts and in large bays, estuaries, lakes and rivers in which winds can be up to force 6 (not exceeding) and waves may reach a height of 2 meters (not exceeding).
• CE CLASS D boats are designed for cruises in protected waters, like small lakes, rivers and canals in which the winds can be up to force 4 and waves can reach a height up to 0.30 meter (less than 1 foot).

Rules of CE certification

The rules of CE certification for construction and sale of boats are designed to assess the structural strength and integrity of essential parts of the hull, the reliability, and function of propulsion, steering systems, power generation and all other features installed on board to help ensure the key essential services of the yacht.

You understand therefore that a CLASS A yacht respects a much more rigorous construction protocol than a CLASS B yacht and so on… Of course, it is strictly advised not to sail past a force 6 for pleasure yachting and no matter the class A or B. This is a matter of safety, comfort and pleasure being always present in your cruise.

To ensure recreational boating, always check the weather before each ride at sea and especially verify any potential changes every hour. In addition, you must always carry the safety equipment onboard depending on the type of navigation that you practice and the laws and regulations in the countries where you cruise, and feel free to be overcautious.

It is obvious that in case of bad weather, for example, it is better to find yourself onboard a CLASS A yacht, which will necessarily have a better safety margin, regardless of sea conditions… Before buying a new or pre-owned boat , always ask for the classification of your future yacht, this document is required for the new registration (in Europe).

A CE-Type Certificate (or homologation) is generally issued for production vessels manufactured in series by different shipyards , particularly European.

There are several classification societies capable of achieving the CE classification for construction and sale of boats , the main ones are RINA (Registro Italiano Navale), BV (Bureau Veritas), DNV (Det Norske Veritas), Germanischer Lloyd, LR (Lloyd’s Register).

Other societies and certifications

There are also other classification societies for vessels built or sold outside the EU such as ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) and NK (Nippon Kaiji). There are also other types of certifications such as the MCA (UK – Maritime and Coastguard Agency), which however is not a classification organization. We will write more articles on commercial classifications later.

Do not hesitate to contact us for any need for further information on the CE yacht compliance classification , our team at Allied Yachting is at your service.

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Demystifying yacht classification A, B, C, D

N.B. For your information, a more recent article was published on 24 Oct 2022 on the same subject, click here for direct access.

Demystifying yacht classification :  Class A, B, C and D

Since 1998, CE certification is required for all recreational boats entering or being sold in Europe obliging boat manufacturers to respect certain building and security standards.  Therefore, yachts ( boats ) are classified into four categories depending on their aptitude to confront navigational conditions taking into account both force of the wind and height of the waves.  The categories are not to limit the area and distance of navigation (that is defined by security equipement onboard) but  to  sensitize the owner and/or captain of the boats capacities to navigate in complete security.

Let us start with the Beaufort Scale.   A scale for classifying the force of the wind ranging from 0 (calm) to 12 (hurricane).   It was devised by an admiral in the British Navy, Francis Beaufort, to uniform the description of the effect of different winds at sea.

There is a direct link between the Beaufort scale and boat classification.   For discussion purposes, we will use only the 6, 7 and 8 forces.

A Class A yacht ( boat ) is a vessel that is built to navigate the open ocean and surpass a force 8 on the Beaufort scale and surpass waves higher that 4 meters.   These yachts are constructed to be self sufficient in hostile seas.

A Class B yacht ( boat ) is a vessel built to navigate on the offshore waters (200 miles and less) and can substain UP TO force 8 and waves UP TO 4 meters.

A Class C boat is a vessel built to navigate inshore such as lakes, rivers, bays and close to the shore and can sustain UP TO force 6 and waves UP TO 2 meters.

A Class D boat is built for protected or sheltered waters such as canals, rivers, small lakes and sustain a force 4 and waves UP TO .3 meters (less that 1 ft).

With this said, you can understand that the Class A yacht ( boat ) respects a rigorous building code more so than a Class B and so forth.    But regardless of the class, it is strongly discouraged to navigate in a force 7 for the reasons of safety and comfort as « pleasure » should always be on the agenda.  Always consult the weather forecast prior to leaving any port and check hourly the weather situation.

Classification is very important and should be on your question list before purchasing any boat or yacht.

Classification rules are developed to assess the structural strength and integrity of the essential parts of the hull, the reliability and function of the propulsion, steering systems, power generation and all the other features installed on board which contribute to guarantee the main essential services of yacht.

Also for a class A, the portholes will be more resistant against a sustained wave, the drains to evacuate the water more abundant and of good size, the joints of the hull more hermetic, in short everything is in place to prevent water from s’ infiltrate on board.

By way of information, let us quote for example all the Ferretti yachts (60 to 96 feet), Pershing (60 to 115), the Riva (44 to 122) are all of class A just like the Magellano range at Azimut including also the 66 Flybridge.

Ferretti yachts (500, 550, 670 fly and over), Pershing (7X and over), Azimut Yachts (62, 64, 66, 68 Fly and over, the Sport Series 7X and over, all Magellano) are Class A.  There are also other classifications such as RINA and American Bureau of Shipping, Bureau Veritas, Det Norske Veritas, Germanischer Lloyd, Lloyd Register, that are more precise regulations and we will cover this later in another article.

Below is the graph of the Beaufort Scale along with photos.

Do not hesitate to contact us for any additional information, team Ita Yachts Canada is at your disposal.

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CE Categories Explained

In 1998 the European Union created a Recreational Craft Directive that established design standards for most recreational boats from 2.5 to 24 meters (8 to 79 feet).

New and used boats sold in Europe, including boats built in the US – or anywhere else – for export to Europe, must be certified as complying with one of four design categories.

The following four design categories help to quantify a boat’s degree of seaworthiness, based on the wave height and wind speed the boat is designed to encounter and handle. The further offshore the vessel is expected to venture, the higher are the expectations for construction strength, stability, freeboard, reserve buoyancy, resistance to downflooding, deck drainage and other seaworthiness criteria.

Category A: OCEAN

This rating covers largely self-sufficient boats designed for extended voyages with winds of over Beaufort Force 8 (over 40 knots), and significant wave heights above 13 feet, but excluding abnormal conditions such as hurricanes.

Category B: OFFSHORE

This rating includes boats operating offshore with winds to 40 knots and significant seas to 13 feet.

Category C – Inshore

This rating is for boats operating in coastal waters and large bays and lakes with winds to Force 6, up to 27 knots, and significant seas 7 feet high.

Category D – Inland or sheltered coastal waters

This rating is for boats in small lakes and rivers with winds to Force 4 and significant wave heights to 18 inches.

The number of people onboard can alter the seaworthiness of a boat which can change the CE rated category. The more people there are aboard, the more weight on the boat and potentially less stability which would put the boat into the next lower rating category.

While the European standards are no guarantee that a boat will be suitable in all respects for the conditions in its designated category, they help to separate the purely inshore craft from those capable of operating safely in more demanding conditions.

additional info

Boats sold in the U.S. do not have to be CE rated, but rather, must only meet a few US Coast Guard regulations which address required safety items such as PFDs and flares, carrying capacity for boats under 26’ and level flotation if swamped for boats 20’ and under. America’s version of CE Standards and Recommendations have been promulgated by the American Boat and Yacht Council — but they are strictly voluntary. Most critically, there are no ABYC design categories to differentiate between boats of different capabilities, a crucial distinction CE ratings and American NMMA certification, which itself only requires about 70% of the ABYC recommended standards. While most quality U.S. builders follow the ABYC standards and many exceed those required by the NMMA, they are not mandatory as the CE standards are in Europe.

When you’re picking out your next boat, be sure to ask what its CE classification is – or would be if it is sold in Europe.

CE CERTIFICATION

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Sailboat Design Categories, STIX and Dynamic Stability

Just what are these design categories? In the UK and other EC countries, all pleasure boats must be marked as complying with one of four design categories as set out by the Recreational Craft Directive (RCD).

Similarly all boats built in the US – or anywhere else – for export to Europe, must be certified as complying with one of these design categories.

These four categories A, B, C and D

• B ~ Offshore;
• C ~ Inshore;
• D ~ Sheltered Waters.

are described primarily by the wave and wind conditions likely to be encountered and the circumstances under which such a boat might be used.

Design Category A ~ 'OCEAN'

Designed for extended voyages where conditions may exceed winds of Beaufort F8 and significant wave heights of 4m and above, and for which vessels must be largely self-sufficient.

Design Category B ~ 'OFFSHORE'

Designed for offshore voyages where conditions up to, and including winds of wind force 8 and significant wave heights up to, and including 4m may be experienced.

Design Category C ~ 'INSHORE'

Designed for sailing in coastal waters, large bays, estuaries, lakes and rivers where conditions up to and wind force 6 and significant wave heights up to, and including 2m may be experienced.

Design Category D ~ 'SHELTERED WATERS'

Designed for sailing on small lakes, rivers and canals where conditions up to and wind F4 and significant wave heights up to, and including 0.5m may be experienced.

In allocating a boat to one of the four categories, the boat's displacement and the Angle of Vanishing Stability (AVS) as indicated on its Gz Curve , play a major part.

Category A boat limits are a minimum mass of 3.0 tonnes and an AVS greater than [130 - (2 x mass)]º but always equal to or greater than 100º. Category B boat limits are a minimum mass of 1.5 tonnes and an AVS greater than [130 - (5 x mass)]º but always equal to or greater than 95º.

A Category A boat needs to be to the right of and above the blue line and a Category B boat to the right and above the red line. But it's not just static stability considerations alone that are taken into account when establishing a sailboat's category - which is where STIX comes in...

ISO 12217, STIX and Dynamic Stability

The International Standards Organisation (ISO) address Small Craft Stability and Buoyancy Assessment and Categorisation under ISO 12217 , and similarly use both AVS and mass in dealing with the static stability of monohull ballasted sailing yachts, but take into account a number of other issues in addressing the dynamic issue.

STIX ( ST ability I nde X ), a numerical index which scores a boats stability on a scale of 1 to 100, is a function of a number of safety and stability related features, ie:

• length on deck;
• ability to withstand a capsize by considering the area under the Gz curve;
• recovery from inversion by considering AVS and mass;
• recovery from knockdown by overcoming water in the sails;
• displacement/length ratio giving credit for a heavy displacement for a given length;
• beam/displacement factor recognizing problems associated with topside flare and excessive beam;
• wind moment representing the risk of flooding due to a gust the risk of down-flooding in a broach or knockdown.

STIX scores generally fall in the range 5 to 50 and are applied in addition to the above limits on mass and AVS, ie:

• Category A boats: equal to or greater than 32, and
• Category B boats: equal to or greater than 23.

Since June 1998 all new recreational boats sold in the European Community have been required by law to have undergone a stability assessment with the preferred method being the application of ISO 12217.

This means that all but a very few new monohull ballasted sailing boats sold in the EU will have had a GZ/RM curve generated, their displacement and AVS determined and a STIX calculated.

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Yacht classifications, also referred to as classification societies or class societies the that rules are an integral element of owning a yacht and an important part of maritime safety. These classifications dictate the design, construction and ongoing maintenance of large commercial vessels and superyachts.

The classifications provide highly detailed and technical standards which cover the yacht’s hull, its engines, and key safety systems. Naturally technology is constantly advancing and so new safety features and procedures are frequently evolving to cater for this.

Standard Yacht Types

Yachts are typically segmented based on overall length and how many passengers they can accommodate. The standard yacht classification types are large yachts, sailing yachts, commercial yachts and private yachts.

Commercial yachts are those yachts which engage in commercial activities, i.e charter yachts. These yachts do not transport or carry any cargo and can carry no more than 12 passengers when underway. In contrast, private yachts are typical pleasure vessels used solely for recreational or leisure purposes.

Classification society

Classification societies are organizations which ‘set the rules’ that govern the construction, maintenance, and operation of yachts and vessels. Currently, there are a total of 12 members of the International Association of Classification Societies, of which the main societies involved with yachting are::

• ABS (American Bureau of Shipping)
• Bureau Veritas
• Lloyds Register
• RINA (Royal Institution of Naval Architects)

Classification societies were first started when insurance underwriters Lloyds of London set standards for the ships that they would ensure.

What is a flag state?

A vessel’s flag state is the jurisdiction or nationality under whose laws the vessel is registered or licensed.

The flag state has the authority and the responsibility to create regulations for vessels registered under its flag. These typically involve those relating to the inspection, certification, and issuance of safety and pollution prevention documents for the vessel.

Different flag states may perform inspections on the safety aspects of yachts using their own inspectors or use classification societies or other recognised organization to perform these inspections.

I have written a separate blog post which goes into further detail on Flag States and the importance of choosing the right flag for your yacht.

What is the classification process?

The first step of classification involves the assessment of a yachts design and regular inspections during the construction or conversion of a yacht. Once it is confirmed that all standards have been met, a certificate of classification is issued.

The certificate details the standard met, the intended use for the vessel, and whether the vessel should be used only in sheltered waters. The certificate is aevidence evidence that the yacht has been built too and meets industry standards.

In order to maintain classification regular surveys of the yacht are required. These surveys typically take place every 5 years. These surveys assess things such as the thickness of the hull, possible fractures, and other potential damage. They also consider the condition of electrical systems, machinery and equipment.

Mandatory Classification Certificates

There are a variety of different classification certificates. The number and type of mandatory certificates for a given yacht will depend on its size.

International Tonnage Certificate

This expresses the internal volumes of the yacht in gross tonnes. Unlike displacement tonnage, this does not quantify the weight of a vessel.

Large Yacht Code Certificate

This certificate covers navigational and signaling equipment, life saving appliances, fire protection, means of escape, and manning and crew accommodation. `

Class Certificate

This mainly deals with the yacht’s hull, machinery, electrical equipment, and outfitting.

International load line certificate

This certificate covers the weather tightness of the yacht

Safety Radio Certificate

This certificate only applies if the yacht’s gross tonnage exceeds 300GT. It covers radio communication and distress installations.

MARPOL Annex I Certificate

This certificate only applies if gross tonnage exceeds 400GT and covers the disposal of oil and bilge water

MARPOL Annex IV Certificate

This certificate only applies if gross tonnage exceeds 400GT or if the yacht is certified to carry more than 15 people and covers the disposal of sewage from ships

Marpol Annex V

This certificate covers the disposal of rubbish and applies to all ships

Marpol Annex VI

This is applicable if gross tonnage exceeds 400GT as well as to all main and auxiliary engines with a power exceeding 130kW. It concerns the emissions from mains and auxiliary engines (NOx and SOx). Safety Construction and Safety Equipment

These cover machinery, electrical parts, life saving and navigational equipment for yachts with a gross tonnage above 500GT. International Safety Management Certificate

This only applies to yachts with a gross tonnage greater than 500GT. A certified management company is requested to carry out this service, preparing operational manuals, procedures for drills, and taking care of the maintenance of the yacht and its installations. International Ship and Port Security Certificate

This only applies to yachts and ships with a gross tonnage greater than 500GT and covers the anti piracy certification. A certified management company is requested to provide ashore assistance and establish onboard procedures and operational manuals.

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Yacht owners guide to Classification Societies

Classification societies (also known as ‘class’ societies) make an important contribution to maritime safety. Their engineers and surveyors, who are experts in the technical aspects of yacht construction and maintenance, have two distinct but related roles.

The first is to research, establish and apply standards for the design, building and maintenance of trading ships and yachts. Known as the ‘rules’ of the society, these standards are highly detailed and technical and cover the strength and integrity of the yacht’s hull, engines and key safety systems, but not aesthetic or operational elements.

The experts’ second role is to perform much of the ‘statutory’ inspection work – required by international conventions – for smaller nations that maintain a registry for flagging yachts, but do not have sufficient expertise of their own.

Occasionally, flag states may insist on a yacht being classed by an approved society, irrespective of size or use

The two roles can overlap. If a flag state’s technical requirements are sufficiently similar to a society’s rules, that society could undertake limited classification and statutory compliance responsibilities during a vessel’s construction, which saves re-inventing the wheel. Further, under the rules of the society, the flag state administration may have to be informed if a yacht falls foul of the rules, which, in turn, may invalidate the flag state’s equipment and safety certificates.

Societies often offer additional consultancy services, going beyond basic classification, during building and refits. It is also possible to have even fairly modest yachts built according to class rules, which are usually higher than those imposed by law and can boost resale value.

Compulsory classifications

Classification is voluntary, unless a flag state requires it, typically by virtue of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS).

SOLAS demands that certain yachts be designed, constructed and maintained in compliance with the various requirements of a recognised society, or with the equivalent flag state requirements. This applies to yachts that undertake international passages on any sort of commercial basis, and which carry more than 12 guests, are of at least 500 gross tonnes, or both.

Occasionally, flag states may insist on a yacht being classed by an approved society, irrespective of size or use. In any event, classification is often needed to reassure any banks that hold security on the yacht and would otherwise have no way of ensuring that the asset is not depreciating excessively.

SOLAS demands that certain yachts be designed, constructed and maintained in compliance with the various requirements of a recognised society

Also, owners of larger yachts may also find it hard to obtain insurance at reasonable rates without classification. For the insurers’ peace of mind, policies commonly insist on the yacht being classed, and maintained ‘in class’, by a society agreed on by the underwriters, with all the experts’ recommendations being carried out as directed. If this is agreed to in the policy but then not adhered to, insurers could walk away without paying a penny in the event of a claim.

In fact, the societies were a product of the fledgling insurance industry. When this new sector was developing at the tables of Mr Lloyd’s coffee house in 18th-century London, it became apparent that the insurers’ knowledge of the ships they insured was less than perfect. As construction methods varied, the vessels were classed according to build quality and condition. The idea worked, and Lloyd’s Register was born. Insurance premiums could at last accurately reflect the risks, with higher build specifications and better maintenance being rewarded with lower premiums. Soon societies were being established around the world.

Today’s classification societies

There are now dozens of organisations worldwide providing classification services but only 13 make up the proudly self-regulating International Association of Classification Societies. Members are independent and non-profit-making and provide services to nearly all the world’s commercial and leisure tonnage. IACS itself also has the capacity to develop rules in conjunction with the International Maritime Organization.

Classification process

The initial process of classification involves assessments of drawing-board designs and attendance throughout construction or conversion. Once a survey has confirmed that these rules have been met, a certificate of classification is issued. This summarises the standards met, the broad intended use of the vessel and whether she should be used only in sheltered waters.

Crucially, the certificate is not an express guarantee of safety or seaworthiness, but merely evidence that the yacht meets certain standards.

Being maintained in class is achieved through regular surveys, which, to simplify matters, are carried out regardless of the yacht’s circumstances. Surveys performed to renew the classification, known as ‘special’ surveys, take place every five years, which can be extended by up to three months if necessary. The examinations can be surprisingly scientific in nature, with various tests conducted to assess the thickness of the hull, possible fractures and other forms of deterioration, as well as the condition of all the principal items of machinery and equipment.

The certificate is not an express guarantee of safety or seaworthiness

An intermediate survey is then carried out three months either side of the third anniversary. On top of this, annual surveys, which need not be so thorough, are conducted three months either side of the anniversary date.

Of course, yachts are often subject to modifications, as the owner’s whims and new regulations dictate. They may also be subject to heavy-weather damage, accidents and neglect. For these reasons, they are also be subject to ad hoc surveys.

Where any survey raises concerns, class can be suspended or withdrawn, depending on the nature of the problem. If it is rectifiable, the surveyor usually makes recommendations, known as ‘conditions of class’. Maintenance of the yacht in class then becomes conditional on the work being carried out.

A yacht may be suspended from class if the owner does not request a survey following an accident causing damage or following repairs or alterations, and will be suspended automatically if any of the regular surveys are overlooked. Class will then be withdrawn altogether following a six-month suspension.

Details of suspensions and withdrawals, and the yachts concerned, are published on the internet for all to see, including insurers.

Legal recourse

Class surveyors have made serious mistakes in the past which have led to large claims. Societies are seen as having deep pockets and their liability cannot be limited by international convention in the same way that an owner’s can.

Where a society provides consultancy services going beyond its conventional remit, it would almost certainly be responsible for its mistakes, subject to the contract terms. However, the courts take a tender view of mistakes made when providing traditional classification services.

Claims against a class society may be an uphill struggle, for the following reasons:

• The primary legal responsibility for seaworthiness normally remains with the owner
• Societies may specify where a yacht may operate, but they do not specify how she should be operated
• The society may have expressly excluded liability where a contractual relationship exists
• Surveys tend to involve selected sampling, rather than stem-to-stern inspections, and
• A similarly high level of expertise is required to challenge their views. English courts have ruled out societies’ liability towards parties other than the owner. In 1985 a yacht called Morning Watch was sold with a valid classification certificate, but was so corroded that she was unseaworthy and worth considerably less than the buyer had paid. The buyer was unsuccessful in suing the society as the survey had not been requested by, or carried out for, the buyer, even though it had been undertaken with a purchase in mind. Societies could still be liable directly to an owner, however.

Although legal recourses against societies are limited, they have much to contribute to safety and can help maintain a yacht’s value

By contrast, some European courts take a less favourable view, with societies being found liable to third parties, although ‘gross negligence’ must have been displayed.

Where societies undertake work on behalf of flag states, they often benefit from their master’s state immunity. However, European Union legislation provides quality requirements where societies are working in this capacity, and this legislation does entertain the possibility of societies being made liable for gross negligence, but nothing less. Where an owner had failed to disclose something which a society would otherwise be anxious to survey, it is unlikely that the society would be exposed to any liability.

Although legal recourses against societies are limited, they have much to contribute to safety and can help maintain a yacht’s value. Classification should not, therefore, be seen as a pedantic exercise, performed just to keep insurers happy. The process brings to bear an independent and high level of expertise which should reassure present and prospective owners alike.

Benjamin Maltby is an English barrister with consultants MatrixLloyd, providing impartial guidance on all aspects of large yacht purchase, building, ownership and operation.

Originally published: May 2010 .

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Blog | Owner’s Guide to Yacht Classification

Yacht classification is a system used to categorize yachts based on various factors such as size, construction, and intended use. The specific classification categories and requirements can vary between different yacht classification societies, but some common classifications include:

• Pleasure Yacht: A yacht intended for leisure use, typically not engaged in commerce.
• Charter Yacht: A yacht that is available for hire for pleasure use, also known as commercial yacht.
• Large Yacht: A yacht that exceeds a certain size or gross tonnage.
• Small Commercial Yacht: A yacht that is used for commercial purposes but does not exceed a certain size or gross tonnage.
• Passenger Yacht: A yacht that is used to carry passengers for hire.
• Workboat: A yacht or vessel intended for work-related use, such as a survey vessel, cable layer, or other specialty use.
• Ocean Going: Yachts that are able to make ocean passages and are built and equipped to meet the requirement of such voyages
• Coastal: Yachts that are intended to operate in coastal and sheltered waters and meeting less stringent requirement than ocean going yachts.

The main differences between yacht classification societies are their specific rules, regulations, and requirements for yacht classification. While many societies have similar overall goals of ensuring that yachts meet certain standards of design, construction, and maintenance, they may have slightly different interpretations of these standards and how they should be applied.

Some societies may have stricter or more detailed rules and regulations than others. For example, one society may have more stringent requirements for fire protection, while another society may place more emphasis on stability calculations.

Another difference is the type of yachts they cover and the services they offer. Some societies focus primarily on pleasure yachts, while others also cover commercial yachts and workboats. Societies may also offer different levels of classification, such as “unrestricted” or “restricted” class, and this might vary depending on the intended use of the yacht.

Lastly, some societies have a more global presence than others, or have more experience or expertise in certain types of yachts or regions. This can be important for yacht owners who plan to take their vessel to different parts of the world and may need to comply with different regulations in different countries.

In short, yacht classification societies are similar in their overall goals, but they can have different rules, regulations, and requirements for yacht classification, different services and different areas of focus. Yacht owners should research and compare different societies to determine which one is the best fit for their specific needs and intended use of the yacht.

There are several yacht classification societies that provide certification and inspection services for yachts and other small vessels. Some of the most well-known include:

• American Bureau of Shipping (ABS)
• Bureau Veritas (BV)
• Germanischer Lloyd (GL)
• Lloyd’s Register (LR)
• RINA (Registro Italiano Navale)
• Det Norske Veritas (DNV) now known as DNV GL

These organizations are responsible for ensuring that yachts and other vessels meet certain standards of design, construction, and maintenance, and they issue certificates of compliance to vessels that meet these standards. They also conduct periodic inspections to ensure that vessels continue to meet these standards over time. Some of them also provide additional services such as collision avoidance, navigation and stability calculations and other specialized services.

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Yacht Classifications

• By Dudley Dawson
• Updated: July 17, 2009

ytgjul17perf525.jpg

Let’s take a peek into the dark back corner of a London pub a couple hundred years ago, when Britain was the unquestioned ruler of the sea, as a group of Lloyd’s of London insurance underwriters licked their financial wounds from the latest loss of a cargo ship to Davy Jones’s locker. They’d had enough, and proposed to form an independent society to make ships safer by developing standards for construction, operation, and maintenance. Thus was born Lloyd’s Register of Shipping, no longer affiliated with Lloyd’s of London, but still the granddaddy of maritime classification societies.

The concept was so successful in improving safety and cutting losses that spinoffs and imitators soon appeared in other seagoing nations. There are now ten full members and one associate member of the International Association of Classification Societies ( www.iacs.org.uk ). Not all of them class yachts, and of those who do, not all class smaller yachts. The American Bureau of Shipping (ABS), for instance, does not class yachts under 24 meters, or about 79 feet, in overall length.

Each society also has different sets of rules and guides, several of which will be applicable to any given yacht. While national codes, such as the U.S. Coast Guard regulations, and international treaties, such as SOLAS, are mandatory, classification is in most cases voluntary. A shipowner or yachtowner elects to have his vessel classed in order to better assure a certain level of sound design and construction, and consequently, to reduce insurance premiums and losses.

Although there are differences in the details, the societies have much in common. Each issues written rulebooks and guides for use by designers, reviews and approves the vessel plans in advance of construction, and employs dedicated surveyors to assure that the vessel is built in accordance with the plans. There are also periodic inspections by this same corps of surveyors throughout the vessel’s service life to check that it is being maintained to the required standards.

The voluntary nature of classification creates a number of possibilities for a yacht owner. He can pick and choose from the several classification societies that cater to yachts. For instance, an American owner having a fast yacht built in Holland could choose to have it classed by the Norwegian society, DNV (Det Norske Veritas). This is where those detail differences come in, as some designers consider the DNV construction rules for high-speed vessels to be more realistic than those drafted by some other societies. Such shopping for classification is commonplace, and that’s why you’ll find surveyors for each society in each shipbuilding nation. In an Italian yard, for instance, you might find an ABS surveyor working on one vessel and a Lloyd’s inspector working on another, alongside the first. In some cases, where the surveyors are independent, or “non-exclusive” in society parlance, you might find him wearing a DNV jumpsuit one day and ABS coveralls the next.

In addition to choosing his classification society, an owner can choose the level of involvement he wants with classification. Full classification means plan approval before construction, inspection and approval of both construction and installed equipment (anchors, engines, generators, etc.), and periodic inspections and required maintenance after delivery. An owner can also add various options, including most recently, an environmentally based endorsement of the yacht as “green.”

All of this comes at a price, of course, both in meeting the initial requirements and in continuing costs. Some owners view any financial outlay as justified in protecting their vessel and those aboard; others elect to have the yacht designed and built to class, and then drop the class designation when fees and mandated maintenance expenses begin to exceed the savings in insurance premiums.

Finally, an owner can opt to have his designer and builder use the written classification standards as a guide in the construction of his new vessel, without actually contracting with the society. This avoids some of the expenses of questionable value, such as factory testing and equipment certification. Then an independent non-society surveyor or project manager can oversee the construction up to delivery, and the captain, vessel management firm, or favorite boatyard can track maintenance requirements. It’s not official, but it’s still classy.

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Understanding Yacht Classifications and What They Mean

Types of yacht classifications.

Yacht Classification Types: A Complete Guide

If you’re new to the yacht world, understanding different yacht classifications can be overwhelming. Here’s a breakdown of the basics to get you started:

In addition to the traditional classifications, there are also subcategories within each that offer their own unique features and experiences.

Did you know that the concept of yachts has been around for centuries? The term “yacht” originates from the Dutch word “jacht,” which means “hunt” or “chase.” Yachts were initially used as small, fast vessels to chase pirates and smugglers. Nowadays, they serve as luxury vessels for relaxation and entertainment purposes.

If you want to feel fancy while getting wind in your hair, a sail yacht is the way to go – just don’t forget to bring your sea legs.

Sail Yachts

Sail Yachts have been around for 10,000 years! People are captivated by their ancient and dignified way of navigating the waters. They come in various shapes and sizes, from classic cruisers to advanced racing models. Each type has its own characteristics, depending on their use.

Let’s take a look at three types: Cutter Rigged , Ketch Rigged and Sloop Rigged .

• Cutter Rigged has two sails – mainsail and headsail. The headsail is higher than the forestay. Length Range: 28-60 ft.
• Ketch Rigged has two masts – mainmast and mizzen mast. Length Range: 30-80 ft.
• Sloop Rigged has one mast with a single head sail and mainsail. Length Range: 29-100 ft.

Motor yachts: When you want to feel like a millionaire without having to sell your organs!

Motor Yachts

Motor yachts offer the perfect combo of luxury and speed. These vessels provide occupants with all the latest amenities and let them cruise waterways in complete comfort.

To give an idea of the different motor yacht types, here’s a table:

Explorer yachts and open boats are other options. Take time to research before deciding what’s right.

Things to consider when buying or renting a motor yacht:

• Local regulations and licensing.
• Ask questions to brokers/owners.

Motor yachts are for those who demand high-speed, luxurious travel. When investing, remember to do your homework and ask essential questions. For an adventure, go for an expedition yacht – with all the luxuries and a crew to look after your needs.

Expedition Yachts

Expedition yachts are vessels with a special design, providing luxury and exploration capabilities. They are multi-purpose, able to travel long distances while carrying recreational vehicles like helicopters, submersibles, and speed boats.

The below table shows the popular types of Expedition Yachts available:

Expedition yachts feature decking for outdoor activities and interiors with wood or stone finishings. Guests can stay for weeks to months while exploring distant locations in comfort. The support type expedition yacht is designed purely for logistic uses, such as carrying supplies, fuel, and water equipment that may not fit on the explorer or cruiser vessels.

Pro Tip: When selecting an expedition yacht, make sure the destination is suitable for its capabilities. Also, check if your desired activities can be catered for within the available payload and size of your chosen yacht.

Classic Yachts: where vintage charm meets modern wallets.

Classic Yachts

When it comes to yachts, classic yachts are special. They have timeless designs and elegant features . Craftsmanship and attention to detail were important when they were built.

Classics can be divided into three categories. Sloops are the most common, 30-42ft long, with one mast and fore-and-aft sails. Ketches are 40-80ft, with two masts and main and mizzen sails. Cutters also have a single mast, but more sails – so they can adjust to changing wind conditions .

Nowadays, classic yachts are popular for their character and ability to handle tough waters. Racing regattas often have classic yacht classes, so sailors can compete and admire them.

The 1939-built Eilean is one of the most iconic classic yachts. It was even used by Italian navy cadets during World War II.

“If money won’t bring you joy, why do luxury yachts come with champagne fountains?”

Luxury Yachts

Luxury yachts are the epitome of extravagance in boats. These grand vessels boast lavish amenities and features that set them apart. Check out the following table to find out the different types of luxury yachts and their specifications.

People who want to admire the scenery and be treated with top-notch services usually opt for luxury yachts. Furthermore, these vessels are often staffed by highly-skilled maritime personnel whose main goal is to make sure their passengers have an unforgettable experience.

One of the earliest records of a real luxury yacht is from the renowned circular harbour of Syracuse, where the renowned inventor and scientist Archimedes designed a boat exclusively for pleasure cruising – which was unheard of in his era. Comparing today and then, it’s easy to see how far these floating mansions have come.

Trying to classify yachts based on size is like attempting to pair up socks – you just try to make them fit and pray they don’t get misplaced.

Classification by Yacht Length

Classification of Yachts Based on their Length

Yachts are classified based on different parameters, and one of them is their length. The classification by yacht length generally divides yachts into five categories: small, medium, large, superyachts, and megayachts.

The following table highlights the key details of each yacht length category:

Yachts in the small category usually have a length of 20-40 ft and can accommodate 2-6 people in their sleeping berths. They have basic facilities and are ideal for day trips. In contrast, superyachts and megayachts are luxurious and ultra-luxurious, respectively, with superior facilities and activities available for guests.

It is worth noting that yachts can also be classified based on their purpose, design, and usage.

According to yachtingreports.com, Feadship is known for building the most luxurious yachts in the world. When it comes to Mega Yachts, the only thing bigger than their size is the owner’s ego.

Mega Yachts

Mega Yachts – the ultimate seafaring experience!

Check out this list of some of the most impressive yachts:

• Eclipse (533 ft): built by Blohm + Voss
• Dilbar (511 ft): built by Lurssen
• Azzam (590 ft): built by Lurssen
• Topaz (482 ft): built by Lurssen
• Al Mirqab (436 ft): built by Peters Schiffbau

These yachts offer awesome amenities like swimming pools, helipads, movie theaters, and elevators . Plus, they’ve got state-of-the-art satellite TV, Wi-Fi internet, and sophisticated navigation systems.

If you plan to charter one, it’s best to bring a professional crew. And make sure to schedule your trip during good weather conditions so you can really enjoy the journey!

Super Yachts

When talking about Super Yachts, length is the main factor. Check out the below to get an idea of the different lengths and the corresponding classes:

These boats are built with advanced propulsion systems, hybrid power systems and eco-friendly tech to guarantee efficient fuel use and minimal environmental effects.

To make the journey even more luxurious, customizations can be done on request – like personal staff, chefs, masseurs, nannies, wellness instructors; routes to take you to your desired location; Michelin-starred catering; and entertainment options.

For those just wanting to have a taste of luxury, super yachts can be rented for special occasions and events like corporate meetings, private weddings, honeymoons and more.

In the end, owning or renting a super yacht will give you a unique and lasting experience that will reflect its high standards. A bigger dock is needed for these big baller yachts!

Large Yachts

Let’s explore large yachts! The table below explains the differences:

Apart from size, these boats have unique designs, luxurious amenities and exclusive services.

If you want a large yacht, be prepared for the extra responsibilities. Maintenance, safety and the right crew are essential.

Mid-sized yachts are the perfect choice for those who want to show off, without breaking the bank .

Mid-sized Yachts

Mid-sized yachts are a must-have for seafarers and cruising fans. These vessels range from 40 to 80 feet in length, giving plenty of room for a great voyage. Take a look at the stats for more details!

Small yachts may not be showy, but they’re ideal for honing your parking abilities.

For 40-50 feet , motorboats offer sleeping for 6 and range up to 300 miles. For 50-60 feet , motor or sailboats provide sleeping for 8 with sailboats having a range of 350 miles and motorboats up to 500 miles. 60-70 feet boats are either motor or sail, sleeping up to 10, and have a range of 500 miles (motor) or unlimited (sail). 70+ feet boats can sleep over 12, and their range depends on fuel and tank capacity – longer than 2K nautical miles and inclusive of all luxuries.

Choose mid-sized yachts for the ideal combination of comfort and convenience. Don’t miss out on the chance to enjoy unforgettable oceanic voyages – consider investing in a mid-sized yacht today!

Small Yachts

Yachts come in many sizes , with small yachts ranging from 20-30 feet long. They’re affordable and convenient for recreational water-goers! These vessels are perfect for day trips or short weekends.

When packing, focus on the basics – food, water, and safety items . Also, invest in durable, lightweight gear that can be stored on board. Additionally, practice good boat maintenance. Cleaning and oil changes can extend the life of a small yacht and make sure you’re safe at sea.

Find the right yacht for you, whether it be to impress your friends or flee your enemies .

Yacht Classification by Purpose

Yachting is a recreational activity that involves the use of yachts, which come in varying styles and sizes. Different yacht classifications by their purpose exist to help enthusiasts select the right type. A yacht classification by purpose is a system that categorizes yachts based on their intended use.

The table below outlines the common yacht classifications by purpose, their description and intended use:

Yachts are designed to meet specific tasks such as cruising, fishing, sightseeing, and day trips. Cruisers are the most commonly used yachts as they are designed for voyages and long trips . A Motor yacht is designed with an emphasis on luxury and comfort, making it ideal for sightseeing.

Recently, there has been an increase in demand for catamarans as these yachts offer more space and stability than traditional yachts. These yachts are increasing in popularity for charters.

A friend once shared how he got lost at sea on a long journey on his Cruiser. Thankfully, he didn’t get too lost and managed to find his way back on track. This highlights the importance of understanding yacht classifications and their purpose before embarking on any trip.

Racing yachts: where millionaires go to see who has the fastest toy boat.

Racing Yachts

Racing yachts are crafted to take part in sailing contests. They are built for speed, agility and responsiveness , making them perfect for experienced sailors. Let’s go further into the amazing world of racing yachts!

When it comes to charter yachts, nothing beats owning one – except for knowing someone who does!

Charter Yachts

When renting a charter yacht, unique details must be taken into account. For example, the check-in procedure can take up to an hour – contracts must be signed and house rules must be reviewed. Additionally, in-season prices can increase by up to 30%, plus any applicable GST Tax levy.

Historically, the commercial yacht charter industry was limited to small sailboats before the 20th century. With the industrial revolution and improvements in marine transportation, this living lifestyle became available to more people, which led to an increase in boat sales and accessibility for wealthy individuals.

If your fishing yacht isn’t catching any fish, just tell everyone you’re practicing your catch-and-release techniques!

Fishing Yachts

Fishing Yachts come in sizes from 20-70 feet , and can host 1-3 crew members . Specialized fishing equipment is featured, such as chairs, live wells, bait stations, fish boxes, outriggers/rod holders, Sonar/Fish finder , and a GPS mapping system .

Capacity varies from 6-10 people for day trips, up to four guests overnight. Pro tip – before heading out, make sure you have all the necessary licenses and permits in place .

Sail into luxury with Fishing Yachts – where the boat and the lack of responsibilities are both equally luxurious.

Leisure Yachts

People looking to relax turn to leisure yachts as a means of escape. These boats are made with comfort and luxury in mind. So, let’s look at the types of leisure yachts.

Motor Yachts use power for speed and smooth sailing. Sailing Yachts use only wind to carry you, for a unique experience. Catamarans have multiple hulls for stability and plenty of room for activities. Trawler Yachts provide comfort for long trips.

Every yacht has its own special features. Some boast spas or movie theaters. Others have helipads for convenient shore access.

Did you know Jeff Bezos, Amazon CEO , owns the largest superyacht? Called ‘Flying Fox’, it’s 136 meters long and can accommodate 25 guests in 11 cabins. Plus, it has 54 crew members! And don’t forget expedition yachts – perfect for exploring the sea and bringing your shoes.

Expedition Yachts are perfect for those seeking adventure and luxury! They come in lengths of 80-400 ft., can accommodate 10-30 guests, and have a range of 3,000 – 10,000 nautical miles.

These yachts come with all the necessary equipment for exploration, including helicopters, submarines, dive centers, and have large storage spaces and extra fuel capacity.

One remarkable Expedition yacht was designed for studying climate change in the Arctic region, with a custom-built removable seawater laboratory. It was able to traverse the Northwest Passage thanks to its exceptional design and features.

For the seasoned adventurer, an Expedition Yacht offers an extraordinary level of adventure – far more than other yacht types. Who needs a six-pack when you can experience the thrill of a sleek hull design?

Classification by Hull Design

Classification Based on the Hull Design

Different types of yachts are classified based on their hull design. The hull is the outermost layer of the boat that provides buoyancy and stability in the water. The classification is crucial as it determines the type of yacht suitable for specific water activities.

The length of the yacht also influences its classification. Usually, small boats are classified as dinghies, whereas larger boats are classified as yachts. The size of the yacht affects its stability, speed, and capacity.

It is essential to select the appropriate yacht type based on the activity and the number of people involved. For instance, if one is planning to host a large group of people, it is advisable to opt for a Catamaran or Trimaran rather than a Monohull. The Catamaran or Trimaran offers more space and stability in the water, ensuring the safety and comfort of the passengers.

Monohull yachts may not be as flashy as their multi-hull counterparts, but they still have one thing in common – they’ll break the bank faster than you can say ‘anchors aweigh’.

Mono-Hull Yachts

Multi-hull yachts are the way to go—they are usually faster and better equipped than mono-hulls for aggressive sailing.

There are various types of mono-hull yachts available in the market, each with unique features that cater to different types of sailors. For example:

• Cruiser/Racer: Offers comfort for cruising and great seaworthiness.
• Racing Boat: Lightweight and speedy, minimal comfort amenities.
• Cruising Sailboat: Mainly for recreational purposes, with spacious interiors, stability, and storage space.
• Daysailer: Small boats for short trips, day outings or beginners.

Plus, the simple design of the mono-hull yacht is highly customizable—so there are features that set them apart from others in the same category. For example, some racing sailboats have deep keels for stability in strong winds.

Finally, when purchasing a mono-hull yacht, consider factors like length/beam ratio, wetted surface area, and displacement. That way, you’ll be able to choose a vessel specifically made for your needs.

Multi-Hull Yachts

Multi-hull yachts are renowned for their unique structure as well as the comfort and space they provide. They are also known to be eco-friendlier due to their lower fuel consumption.

Catamarans have been popular for charter companies for their spaciousness and performance on long journeys. Trimarans , on the other hand, are favored for yacht racing thanks to their speed records.

Multi-hull yachts are a great option for those who want to sail with more freedom and flexibility. With two hulls, you get twice the fun! Even ancient Polynesians used outrigger canoes with multiple hulls to traverse the Pacific. And over the centuries, these vessels have continued to evolve and dominate the waters.

Catamaran Yachts

Catamaran Yachts have some unique features. Such as: spacious interiors, shallow draft and narrow beam. These give better speed & performance with less power. But, they are less maneuverable in tight spaces and may be susceptible to windage & less responsive to heavy weather conditions.

Catamarans have been around for centuries, and have grown in popularity and sophistication. They are now considered a staple in the yachting world due to their design features. Boaters all over the world love them.

The best thing about Catamaran Yachts ? They have three hulls… and a bar!

Trimaran Yachts

Trimarans are sailing vessels with three hulls that offer stable and swift performance. Here’s a table comparing some popular models:

The Neel 45 Evolution has a unique design and plenty of space. It offers elegance, performance and safety.

Aquila is great for those with experienced sailing skills, thanks to its stability in rough waters.

Did you know Ben Cohrs built the largest aluminum trimaran in North America? It’s 48’ x 40’ and cost $1 million!

There’s a yacht style to suit every taste . So don’t forget your sea legs!

Yacht Classification by Style

Yacht Classification by Style pertains to the different categories or styles of yachts. It is crucial to understand these classifications to determine which type of yacht is most suitable for the intended purpose.

A Table has been created below to provide a clear and concise overview of each classification and its characteristics.

It is noteworthy to mention that each classification can be further categorized based on size, layouts, and specific features.

When choosing a yacht, it is essential to consider the purpose, budget, and preferences. Additionally, one must also inspect the yacht’s condition and safety features and hire a reliable and experienced crew.

To maximize the yachting experience, it is advisable to plan the itinerary ahead, select suitable destinations, and engage in water sports and activities. These practices can enhance the enjoyment and create lasting memories.

“Contemporary yachts are like Tinder dates, modern and sleek on the outside but you never know what kind of baggage they’re carrying until you’re already on board.”

Contemporary

Contemporary yacht style features sharp angles and sleek designs . Glass and reflective surfaces, as well as advanced tech like touchscreens and automation systems are commonplace. Inside, neutral colors with minimal art is the norm.

Sustainability is key in today’s yachts. Materials science allows for the use of recycled plastic, cutting waste and environmental damage.

Yacht design has evolved since the 1920s when industrialists requested custom-built yachts with modern amenities and materials like steel and aluminum. Sustainable materials, technologies and luxury are hallmarks of contemporary yacht design .

Traditional

The Mediterranean sun and rolling Atlantic waves can be experienced on these majestic vessels. They evoke a sense of nostalgia for simpler times, as the traditional yacht style never goes out of fashion. It’s rich in history and stunning in design, making it an icon in maritime culture.

The focus on craftsmanship is unique. Many are built by master craftsmen, using techniques passed down through generations. Every yacht offers intricate details such as custom masts and sails, as well as ornately carved woodwork.

The Bloodhound is a famous example. This classic racing schooner has an impressive history – dating back to 1936. Lord St Helier built it to take part in regattas around Europe while displaying wealth and opulence.

The Bloodhound has timeless beauty and durability – after almost 80 years, it remains desirable. Traditional-style yachts exude class and have supreme technical efficiency. For those wanting to outrun both their problems and the storm, there’s the Expedition classification – perfect for rough seas and an adventurous spirit.

For those wanting to explore with the luxuries of home, Expedition yachts are the way to go. Durable hulls constructed of high-tensile steel and designed to handle any sea and weather conditions. Plus, they have spacious cabins, gourmet kitchens and even a helicopter pad ! With impressive fuel capacity and long-range capabilities, they make extended travel easy. Loaded with state-of-the-art research equipment, they’re ideal for scientific exploration.

Expedition yachts don’t just offer a comfortable experience – they let you get close to nature. Their sturdy construction and off-road capabilities mean they can navigate through rugged terrain, taking you on land expeditions or to remote islands. Plus, plenty of room for recreational gear like kayaks and paddleboards – perfect for an adventurous getaway.

Yachting Magazine’s 2020 Guide to Expedition Yachts sums it up nicely: “Some of the most notable Expedition yachts ever built feature robust hulls constructed of high-tensile steel.” It’s clear that durability is key in expedition yacht design, due to encountering rough weather and unchartered waters.

Forget a sports car – when you can have a yacht that goes from 0 to 60 knots in seconds?!

Performance

Yacht classification is based on performance. Speed, handling, and stability are factors to consider. There’s a table showing the different yacht styles and their performance.

There are three main styles of yacht:

• High Performance: 50+ knots. Nimble and responsive. May sacrifice comfort for speed.
• Cruise: 25-30 knots. Comfortable and stable. May sacrifice speed for speed.
• Racing/Cruising: 35-45 knots. Balance of speed and comfort. Depends on design features.

Each style has unique levels of performance. High-performance yachts can be divided into racing and cruising models. It’s important to consider the intended use of the yacht.

When making a big investment, it’s best to consult with experienced pros. Understand the nuances of each style’s performance to make an informed decision. This will enhance the boating experience.

Oh, and Flybridge ? Sounds like a fancy superhero hideout!

The Flybridge is found above the main bridge of a yacht. What makes it special? Five key features:

• Provides excellent visibility for better navigation and sightseeing.
• May feature a helm station with advanced tech for precise control.
• Popular spot for sunbathing, socializing and enjoying views during cruising.
• May feature a bar, dining area, lounge seating or even a Jacuzzi.
• Sometimes enclosed with canvas or hardtop structures for all-weather use.

Some yachts have multiple Flybridges for greater views and entertainment. For example, some superyachts have two or three decks linked by staircases. Get a yacht with a flybridge to enjoy Jacuzzi views, cocktails under the stars and maximum privacy. Who doesn’t love that?

Classification by Country of Build

Classification by Nation of Origin

Yachts are classified based on the nation where they were constructed. This classification provides valuable insights into the yacht’s design, construction quality, and performance. Different countries have their unique yacht standards, and they follow different rules and regulations. Therefore, the country of build provides a means to classify yachts into their unique quality and design categories.

The table below shows the classification of yachts based on their nation of origin.

Yacht classification helps in identifying the construction standards and safety features. ABS and Lloyd’s are commonly used classifications in the United States, while RINA and MCA are widely accepted in Italy. For UK-based yachts, GL and MCA are the standard classifications, and BV and GL are the most common classes used for German and French yachts, respectively.

It’s essential to choose your yacht’s classification carefully, depending on its purpose, location, and usage. For example, if you plan to sail in European waters, it’s better to choose a yacht that adheres to RINA or BV standards. On the other hand, if you plan to sail in the United States, choosing ABS or Lloyd’s classification may be suitable.

In addition to considering the country of origin, other factors that can affect a yacht’s classification include age, size, and usage. It’s important to research and select the appropriate classification for your yacht to ensure safety, compliance, and performance.

Why settle for a fancy car when you can be cruising on a yacht, American-style?

The ‘Classification by Country of Build’ divides ships into their origin and construction. ‘ American ‘ denotes those made in the United States. This shipbuilding industry has a long history, covering many types of watercraft. From naval vessels to commercial ships, American-built machines have aided the economy and security.

Notable ships include the USS Constitution . This is the oldest, still-functioning naval vessel in the world. The Cutty Sark tea clipper is another example. It was a 19th-century British merchant ship built in Massachusetts. The Liberty Ship is another famous one. During World War II, over 2700 of these cost-effective cargo vessels were constructed to help allied forces.

Pro Tip: Even though American-built ships are sought-after, it is essential to check they meet international safety standards before sailing. So, why worry about Brexit when you can debate which country makes the best cars in Europe?

The classification of European ships is quite thorough. It includes Germany, Poland, Italy, the Netherlands and more. European vessels are renowned for their quality and tech. The European shipbuilding industry is competitive and eco-friendly.

European-built ships are also environmentally-friendly and have cutting-edge facilities. They can construct megayachts and cruise ships with luxury features .

Pro Tip: When you select a European-built vessel, research the shipyard carefully for the best quality! Stop settling for a dull kangaroo and choose an Australian-built car instead!

Australia is famous for its lush landscapes and wild creatures. But, did you know it also has a booming shipbuilding industry? Ships made in Australia are known for their superior quality and precision .

From small fishing boats to huge cargo ships, these vessels are respected around the world for their craftsmanship and dependability . Nowadays, many people choose to build mid-sized bulk carriers and other commercial ships in Australia.

Moreover, Australian shipbuilding focuses on sustainability and environmental protection . Yards use eco-friendly materials and methods whenever possible, to reduce the impact on nature.

If you’re looking for a vessel, choosing an Australian-made boat guarantees a top-notch experience. It will serve you well and you’ll know your decision backs a responsible and progressive industry. Don’t miss out on the chance to sail with a marvellous Australian-built boat – get one today!

Asian countries construct a variety of unique and exceptional boats. These boats show traditional techniques with modern advancements, making intricate pieces of art.

One example is the Sampan boat . It’s widely used in China and Southeast Asia for fishing and transportation. It has a flat bottom and curved sides, meant to glide through shallow waters.

Another creation is the Junk boat . It’s a Chinese sailing vessel known for its hull design and seafaring ability. It was used for trading across oceans, allowing sailors to traverse great distances.

These boats have been around for centuries and are culturally significant. The Yamanose fishing boats from Japan are renowned for their artistic design, featuring exotic patterns that reflect the country’s culture.

These beautiful vessels show the world’s diverse regions’ skills and expertise. They are timeless yet transcendent, leaving an impact on our world forever.

Yacht classifications are important for safety and efficiency. Knowing them helps you pick the right one. Each one has different features. For instance, some are made for open waters, others for near-shore.

When selecting a yacht, three main things matter: design, size, and purpose . Poor design can cause seasickness and ruin your trip.

Did you know? The first recorded sailboats were in ancient Egypt over 5,000 years ago. They were for fishing, not recreational use. Engineering has since created stylish, luxurious, comfortable yachts.

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Category : Monuments and memorials in Krasnodar Krai

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Authority file   Federal subjects of the Russian Federation: Subcategories This category has the following 27 subcategories, out of 27 total. Monuments and memorials in Anapa ‎ (5 C, 19 F) Monuments and memorials in Chernomorskiy ‎ (2 C, 8 F) Monuments and memorials in Gelendzhik ‎ (4 C, 34 F) Monuments and memorials in Krasnodar ‎ (16 C, 1 P, 46 F) Monuments and memorials in Novorossiysk ‎ (8 C, 49 F) Monuments in Sennoi (Krasnodar Krai) ‎ (3 F) Monuments and memorials in Sochi ‎ (18 C, 51 F) Monuments and memorials in Tuapse ‎ (1 C, 49 F) Monuments in Vyshesteblievskaya ‎ (7 F) Monuments and memorials in Yeysk ‎ (7 C, 48 F) Cultural heritage monuments in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (40 C, 19 F) Natural monuments in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (26 C) War memorials in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (6 C, 15 F) Busts in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (2 C, 1 F) Cemeteries in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (3 C) Monument to the Cossacks who landed at Taman in 1792 ‎ (10 F) Graves in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (6 C, 2 F) Khapache Lakshuke monument ‎ (23 F) Monuments and memorials to Lenin in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (2 C, 3 F) Memorial sign to Komsomol members who died during the Civil War and the Great Patriotic War ‎ (2 F) MiG-17 in Primorsko-Akhtarsk ‎ (6 F) Monuments to Lenin in Velikovechnoye ‎ (4 F) Obelisk to fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War in Yuzhny ‎ (2 F) Obelisk to fellow countrymen who died in the fight for Soviet power ‎ (2 F) Monument to Arkhip Osipov in Arkhipo-Osipovka ‎ (4 F) Plaques in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (2 C, 7 F) Monuments and memorials to Stalin in Krasnodar Krai ‎ (2 C) Media in category "Monuments and memorials in Krasnodar Krai" The following 14 files are in this category, out of 14 total. Monuments and memorials in Russia by region Visitor attractions in Krasnodar Krai Structures in Krasnodar Krai History of Krasnodar Krai Culture of Krasnodar Krai Uses of Wikidata Infobox Uses of Wikidata Infobox with no topic Navigation menu Stay up to date with notifications from The Independent Notifications can be managed in browser preferences. UK Edition Change UK Politics News Videos Paris 2024 Olympics Rugby Union Sport Videos John Rentoul Mary Dejevsky Andrew Grice Sean O’Grady Photography Theatre & Dance Culture Videos Fitness & Wellbeing Food & Drink Health & Families Royal Family Electric Vehicles Car Insurance Deals Lifestyle Videos Hotel Reviews News & Advice Simon Calder Australia & New Zealand South America C. America & Caribbean Middle East Politics Explained News Analysis Today’s Edition Home & Garden Broadband deals Fashion & Beauty Travel & Outdoors Sports & Fitness Climate 100 Sustainable Living Climate Videos Solar Panels Behind The Headlines On The Ground Decomplicated You Ask The Questions Binge Watch Travel Smart Watch on your TV Crosswords & Puzzles Most Commented Newsletters Ask Me Anything Virtual Events Wine Offers Betting Sites Thank you for registering Please refresh the page or navigate to another page on the site to be automatically logged in Please refresh your browser to be logged in Bayesian superyacht sinking: Horror of those trapped in bedrooms described by former captain Italian prosecutors continue their investigation after divers recovered video equipment from the luxury yacht, article bookmarked. Find your bookmarks in your Independent Premium section, under my profile For free real time breaking news alerts sent straight to your inbox sign up to our breaking news emails Sign up to our free breaking news emails, thanks for signing up to the breaking news email. A former captain of the Bayesian has described the terrifying obstacles facing those trapped in the cabins as the Bayesian superyacht overturned killing seven. Stephen Edwards, who captained the Bayesian for five years until 2020, told The Telegraph : “Those who stayed curled up in bed were in the worst situation. “The storm hit hard, placing them in the melee of flying furniture, glass and other items,” he said adding he had spoken to traumatised crew members. “Inside the cabins, the only way to think of this is that people were lying in their beds one minute, and the next the room was on its side, totally dark, with the door now either in the floor or in the ceiling above.” It came as divers race to retrieve Mike Lynch’s personal hard drives locked in a safe on the ocean floor, according to reports. Italian newspaper la Repubblica reported that the tech billionaire, whose clients included MI5, the NSA and the Israeli secret service, didn’t trust confidential documents on the cloud and kept two encrypted hard drives in a safe which now lies 49 metres below sea level. Former captain claims Mike Lynch’s wife was always concerned about boat safety The wife of Mike Lynch, 57-year-old Angela Bacares managed to escape to safety after suffering cuts from broken glass as she went to try and save her husband and daughter, according to la Repubblica. The newspaper said she told doctors that at 4am, the boat had tilted and she and her husband were woken up. Former captain Stephen Edwards told The Telegraph, Ms Bacares “always wants to know what is happening and what the crew are doing”. “She is always the first person to come up to the bridge if she hears us scuttling about up there. That could explain why she was saved and Mike wasn’t.” Mike Lynch and daughter Hannah were ‘part of a united, vibrant, loving family’ Family friends of Mike and Hannah Lynch have said the father and daughter were part of a “united, vibrant, loving family” – with the teenager remembered as a “diamond in a sea of stars” and the tech mogul as a brilliant storyteller. Mr Lynch was the creator of software giant Autonomy and had been cleared in June of carrying out a massive fraud related to its 11 billion dollar (£8.64 billion) sale to US company Hewlett Packard. His daughter Hannah had recently finished her A-levels and was due to study at Oxford University. Sasha Murray, chief stewardess of the Bayesian, said: “Those who knew her will know that Hannah was a diamond in a sea of stars. Bright, beautiful and always shining. “What most people may not have seen was the extraordinarily strong, deep and loving relationship she shared with her parents, whom she adored more than anything. “While swimming with them she often said, if anything ever happened she would save them. “I have no doubt that the Irish, Latina fire that burns in her soul kept that spirited determination alive.” It is understood Ms Murray was rescued after disaster struck the yacht. Seven key unanswered questions around the sinking of the Bayesian With the Bayesian lying on her side 50 metres underneath the now gentle waters of the Mediterranean, mystery still surrounds how the 56-metre superyacht, sank in the typhoon off the port of Porticello. Remotely controlled underwater vehicles and cave divers are looking to raise the yacht , which experts will examine in the coming days. The key unanswered questions around the tragic sinking of the Bayesian With the search continuing of the sunken Bayesian an investigation has been launched to establish what caused the disaster off the coast of Sicily Mike Lynch net worth: How the billionaire made his money Mike Lynch was frequently described as the Bill Gates of Britain for founding Autonomy – one of the biggest software firms on the planet Former captain describes horror of those trapped in cabins Stephen Edwards, who captained the Bayesian for five years until 2020, told the Telegraph that he had spoken to crew members onboard during the sinking who recounted the horrors facing those onboard. He said: “The storm hit hard, placing them in the melee of flying furniture, glass and other items. “Some had made it to the saloon at this point and they are the ones who survived, as their route outside would have been a little clearer. “Inside the cabins, the only way to think of this is that people were lying in their beds one minute, and the next the room was on its side, totally dark, with the door now either in the floor or in the ceiling above. “Cabinets crashed open as the catches were weak, resulting in glassware and crockery falling out. I’m told almost all the furniture broke loose inside the boat.” Mike Lynch’s wife, along with 14 others, survived and were rescued by a nearby vessel that was unscathed. Italian navy recover video equipment Italian Navy divers have recovered video surveillance equipment from the wreckage of billionaire Mike Lynch’s Bayesian superyacht that could explain how it sank. The British tech tycoon’s boat had been moored near the port of Porticello on 19 August when it sank during the early hours of the morning. It is now lying 50m below the surface. Among those killed were Mr Lynch and his 18-year-old daughter Hannah, who had been due to begin studying at Oxford University in September, as well as four other family friends and associates. Divers hunting for clues on how Mike Lynch’s superyacht sank make discovery The video equipment recovered could show if the crews left doors open on the Bayesian superyacht, which might have allowed the vessel to flood What happens now weeks after tragic sinking? Prosecutors are investigating the captain , New Zealander James Cutfield, and two crew members for possible responsibility in connection with the sinking. Mr Cutfield is under investigation for possible manslaughter and culpable shipwreck charges. Tim Parker Eaton — the engineer who was in charge of securing the yacht’s engine room — and sailor Matthew Griffith — who was on watch duty on the night of the disaster — are now under investigation for the same possible charges, their lawyer said. Chief prosecutor Ambrogio Cartosio, who is heading the investigation, has said his team will consider each possible element of responsibility including those of the captain, the crew, individuals in charge of supervision and the yacht’s manufacturer. Investigators are focusing on how a sailing vessel deemed “unsinkable” by its manufacturer, Italian shipyard Perini Navi, sank while a nearby sailboat remained largely unscathed. They added raising the Bayesian and examining the yacht for evidence would provide key elements to the investigation. Maritime director of western Sicily, Rear Admiral Raffaele Macauda of the coastguard, could not confirm how long it would take to retrieve the shipwreck of the sunken yacht, adding recovering the fuel tanks was a “priority for us because it has environmental knock-on effects”. Special forces divers and robots search Mike Lynch’s sunken Bayesian yacht for clues Specialist military divers are currently searching the sunken Bayesian yacht for clues as to why it sunk in a freak storm off the coast of Siciliy, killing seven passengers. British tech tycoon Mike Lynch’s boat had been moored near the port of Porticello on 19 August when it sank during the early hours of the morning, and is now lying 50 metres below the surface of the water. About six divers from the Italian navy ’s Comsubin unit are investigating the superyacht for electronic equipment, which includes data storage and CCTV and to see if doors were left open during the storm. Holly Evans reports: A sonar also being deployed to discover the best way to raise the wreckage from the sea Chris Morvillo and wife drowned aboard Bayesian Italian authorities said the first post-mortem examinations on the victims had been carried out on US lawyer Chris Morvillo and his wife Neda . The results confirmed that the pair had drowned. Morvillo was a partner at Clifford Chance, a white-collar law firm. He previously worked as a federal prosecutor who investigated the September 11 terror attacks, according to the New York Post . Investigators hope to recover data on sinking of Bayesian Navy divers recovered hard drives of the video surveillance system on board the Bayesian hopefully revealing the final moments before the tragic sinking of the superyacht. In the engine room there were the hard disks that catalogued the parameters regarding the electric and thermal propulsion. “We hope to be able to read something from the media”, an investigator told La Repubblica. They added “Unfortunately they are standard models that are not resistant to water and pressure”. There was no black box on board the 700-tonne sailing vessel that sank in minutes. It was not required to have one, as it was not a commercial cruise ship. Subscribe to Independent Premium to bookmark this article Want to bookmark your favourite articles and stories to read or reference later? Start your Independent Premium subscription today. New to The Independent? Or if you would prefer: Hi {{indy.fullName}} My Independent Premium Account details Help centre 103 IMAGES Balt yacht 27 Bildergalerie Bildergalerie Bildergalerie Bildergalerie Bildergalerie VIDEO Классификация яхт и их виды 2023 Bavaria C42 Kategorie C Einer für alle Kategorie C Kategorie C Dovolená na lodi COMMENTS CE-Seetauglichkeitseinstufung Die CE-Einstufung (Kategorie) muss gut sichtbar im Boot im Bereich des Steuerstandes angebracht werden. Sie gibt dem Bootsführer eine Orientierung, bei welchen Wetterverhältnissen er das Boot sicher bewegen kann. Die Benennung der Kategorien auch nach der Distanz zur Küste - A für Hochsee, B für außerhalb von Küstengewässern, C für ... CE Yacht Compliance Classification 29 March 2016. The CE Yacht Compliance Classification System is the European (CE stands for " Conformité Européenne " in French) dictating the standards for CE Certification for construction and sale of boats. Vessels in one of the categories of controlled products cannot be legally sold in the EU unless they have passed the tests to ... Understanding the Classification of Yachts A, B, C and D Posted on 11 July 2023 by Guy Bolduc in Non classé. Understanding the Classification of Yachts A, B, C and D: Since 1998, Europe (EEC) classifies yachts according to 4 categories A or B or C or D and this is a law. In order to sell a boat in the large territory of the EEC, it must be classified with a plate that mentions its classification and ... Demystifying yacht classification A, B, C, D These yachts are constructed to be self sufficient in hostile seas. A Class B yacht ( boat ) is a vessel built to navigate on the offshore waters (200 miles and less) and can substain UP TO force 8 and waves UP TO 4 meters. A Class C boat is a vessel built to navigate inshore such as lakes, rivers, bays and close to the shore and can sustain UP ... CE Categories Explained CE Categories Explained. In 1998 the European Union created a Recreational Craft Directive that established design standards for most recreational boats from 2.5 to 24 meters (8 to 79 feet). New and used boats sold in Europe, including boats built in the US - or anywhere else - for export to Europe, must be certified as complying with one ... Yacht classification definitions Commercial yacht. A motor or sailing vessel in commercial use (i.e. charter) for sport and pleasure, carrying no cargo and not more than 12 passengers. Private yacht. A pleasure vessel solely used for the recreational and leisure purpose of its owner and his guests. Flag administration. Yacht Design Categories Category A boat limits are a minimum mass of 3.0 tonnes and an AVS greater than [130 - (2 x mass)]º but always equal to or greater than 100º. Category B boat limits are a minimum mass of 1.5 tonnes and an AVS greater than [130 - (5 x mass)]º but always equal to or greater than 95º.. A Category A boat needs to be to the right of and above the blue line and a Category B boat to the right and ... How do I interpret design categories? Design category D : recreational boats designed for conditions up to and including wind force 4, and up to and including significant wave height of 0.3 meters, and occasional waves of a maximum height of 0.50 meters. The recreational boats in each design category must be designed and built to withstand the design specifications of each of these ... Classification: Statutory certification explained A classification certificate attests that the yacht complies with the standards developed and published by the issuing society. New construction and refit surveys carried out by a surveyor from the classification society under which the yacht is built are important inspections that take place at intervals throughout the duration of the project ... Definitions, Explanations and Regulations Offering you an unbiased and comprehensive yacht charter and yacht sales consultancy. www.salt-superyachts.com. [email protected]. +44 2038 821 364. Yacht classifications, also referred to as classification societies or class societies the that rules are an integral element of owning a yacht and an important part of maritime safety. Yacht owners guide to Classification Societies Yacht owners guide to Classification Societies. 21 January 2015 • Written by Benjamin Maltby. Alysia was built specifically for charter and complies to SOLAS. She can carry up to 36 passengers and is over 500GT. Classification societies (also known as 'class' societies) make an important contribution to maritime safety. What CE Boat Categories A B C & D Actually Mean? Explainer! Have you ever wondered what the different Beaufort scales are and what CE categories A, B C and D boats actually mean? In this video, I walk you through what... Yacht Classifications Explained Owners moving from smaller yachts into those over roughly 80 feet will quickly learn a new alphabet: ABS, DNV, BV, LR, RINA, and more. These are organizations that set rules governing the construction, maintenance, and operation of yachts. Called "classification societies," there are 13 members of the International Association of ... Owner's Guide to Yacht Classification Yacht classification is a system used to categorize yachts based on various factors such as size, construction, and intended use. The specific classification categories and requirements can vary between different yacht classification societies, but some common classifications include: Pleasure Yacht: A yacht intended for leisure use, typically not engaged in commerce. Charter Yacht: A yacht […] Yacht Classifications All of this comes at a price, of course, both in meeting the initial requirements and in continuing costs. Some owners view any financial outlay as justified in protecting their vessel and those aboard; others elect to have the yacht designed and built to class, and then drop the class designation when fees and mandated maintenance expenses begin to exceed the savings in insurance premiums. Understanding Yacht Classifications and What They Mean Yachts are classified based on different parameters, and one of them is their length. The classification by yacht length generally divides yachts into five categories: small, medium, large, superyachts, and megayachts. The following table highlights the key details of each yacht length category: Yacht Length. Small. International B-class catamaran The B-class was founded during the 1960s and was part of the 4-tier IYRU (now ISAF) approach to divide up the sports catamaran sailing scene into 4 separate groups. These A, B, C and D classes were governed by a very small set of class rules to which each design had to comply. [1] In the beginning it was just: IYRU catamaran classification. Yacht Russia Sailing Academy About. Yacht Russia Sailing Academy offers: - sailing classes - participation in regattas - corporate events - teambuildings - personal trainings - Yacht charter. YRSA offers the latest equipment and modern monofleet of Elan 210. Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Contact. Suggest edits to improve what we show. Improve this listing. 2003 48' in Sochi Krasnodar Krai Russia (273911) Yacht for sale is a 2003 48' "2003 Custom NKI-95 Copy Nauticat 51" Sloop, Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. Find the boat that best meets your needs today. Bayesian yacht sinking: Horror facing victims trapped in cabins It came as divers race to retrieve Mike Lynch's personal hard drives locked in a safe on the ocean floor, according to reports. Italian newspaper la Repubblica reported that the tech billionaire ... Category : Monuments and memorials in Krasnodar Krai From Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository. Jump to navigation Jump to search ... Bayesian yacht sinking: Divers race to rescue Mike Lynch's hard drive Divers are racing to retrieve Mike Lynch's personal hard drives locked in a safe on the ocean floor, according to reports. Italian newspaper la Repubblica reported that the tech billionaire ... Krasnodar, Krasnodar Territory (Russia) Description of the flag. The flag of Krasnodar, Capital of Krasnodar Krai is horizontally divided white over red with the arms centered. http://yugtimes.com/news/40633/ catamaran gulet motorboat powerboat riverboat sailboat yacht