yachtmaster offshore mallorca

Yachtmaster Courses

Yachtmaster Courses Majorca

Yachtmaster Courses – updated 15 February 2023.

If you are looking to take your sailing skills to the highest level, the Royal Yachting Association (RYA) Yachtmaster courses in Majorca are an excellent option. These courses are designed to give sailors the skills and knowledge they need to become competent, confident skippers who can handle a yacht in all conditions.

This qualification is a highly prized certificate of competence proving the ability of the holder to handle either a motorboat or sailing boat in certain prescribed conditions.

RYA Yachtmaster courses

There are several RYA Yachtmaster courses available in Majorca, each designed for sailors at different stages of their sailing career.

RYA Yachtmaster Coastal – This is the first step towards becoming a Yachtmaster. This course is designed for sailors who have completed their Day Skipper certification and are looking to take their skills to the next level. The course covers advanced navigation and seamanship, including night sailing and coastal navigation. You will also learn about boat handling and crew management in more challenging conditions.

RYA Yachtmaster Offshore – This course is designed for sailors who have completed their Coastal Skipper certification and are ready to tackle more challenging offshore sailing. The course covers advanced navigation and seamanship, including passage planning, offshore navigation, and weather forecasting. You will also learn about crew management and watch-keeping in challenging offshore conditions.

RYA Yachtmaster Ocean – This is the most advanced RYA Yachtmaster course and is designed for sailors who want to become competent navigators capable of sailing across oceans. This course covers advanced celestial navigation and passage planning, as well as emergency procedures and equipment. You will also learn about ocean currents, weather patterns, and the impact of the environment on navigation.

The RYA Yachtmaster courses in Majorca are delivered by experienced and qualified instructors who will provide you with the knowledge and skills you need to become a competent, confident skipper. The courses are designed to be challenging, but also fun and enjoyable, with plenty of time on the water to put theory into practice.

RYA Training

RYA Training is carried out in more than 20 countries and currently there are around 13,000 professionals working as yacht crew on commercial vessels around the world using RYA Certificates of Competence.

Deck Officer career

When commercially endorsed, Yachtmaster licences provide significant privileges and for many sailors, the Yachtmaster Offshore or Ocean Certificate of Competence are the ultimate aim and a required step on the way to a Deck Officer career.

Unlike other courses in the cruising programme, there is no formal training to complete in order to become a Yachtmaster. Instead, provided that you have sufficient experience and sea time, you can put yourself forward for an exam to test your skills and knowledge. If you have not previously undertaken any formal training, it is unlikely that you will pass the exam.

The pre-course experience includes two days as a skipper, 800 miles and 12 night hours. Students will also need valid VHF and (RYA) First Aid certificates .

Offshore exam preparation

The RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Certificate of Competence is a highly regarded worldwide qualification proving the experience and competence of a skipper. Sufficient experience and sea time form the eligibility criteria for taking the Yachtmaster exam. The Yachtmaster offshore sail exam preparation week provides five days practical boat handling and revision of the theory with all aspects of the examination organised. This is an intensive course which will challenge you by sailing onto and off marina pontoons and mooring buoys, sail trim for simulated engine and steering failures, man overboard, blind navigation, mooring up in tight spots and anchoring under sail.

Conversion courses

Holders of the Yachtmaster Coastal or Yachtmaster Offshore sail Certificate of Competence may take a practical conversion exam to obtain the equivalent power certificate of competence. Candidates may also convert from power to sail. The same rules apply whether you are converting from sail to power, or from power to sail, but the practical exam for converting from power to sail may take slightly longer.

Working with an RYA Yachtmaster® Coastal certificate

A commercially endorsed Yachtmaster Coastal Certificate of Competence will enable you to skipper vessels up to 24 metres in length, operating in category 3,4,5, and 6 waters – up to 20 miles from a safe haven.

Working with an RYA Yachtmaster® Offshore certificate

A commercially endorsed Yachtmaster Offshore Certificate of Competence will enable you to work as a Master of commercial vessels of up to 200gt in category 1 to 6 waters – that is up to 150 miles from a safe haven.

This Certificate of Competence can used commercially in its own right, or as a pre-requisite for the MCA’s Officer of the Watch qualification, which enables you to work worldwide on vessels of up to 3000gt.

Working with an RYA Yachtmaster® Ocean certificate

A commercially endorsed Yachtmaster Ocean Certificate of Competence will enable you to work worldwide as a Master of commercial vessels of up to 200gt.

This Certificate of Competence can be used commercially in its own right. It is also a pre-requisite for the MCA’s Chief Mate, Master 500 and Master 3000 qualifications.

What is a commercial endorsement?

A commercial endorsement is required for work on board British flagged vessels subject to the MCA’s codes of practice for small commercial vessels.

A number of additional training courses and medical fitness certificates are required to be eligible for a commercial endorsement.

In conclusion, the RYA Yachtmaster courses in Majorca are an excellent option for sailors who want to take their sailing skills to the highest level. Whether you are looking to become a competent coastal skipper or an experienced ocean navigator, there is a course to suit your needs. So why not take the plunge and enroll in an RYA Yachtmaster course today? You won’t regret it.

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Choice of training centres

We run the full range of RYA courses here in Mallorca. Milebuilders are part of a much larger family of nautical businesses; which includes two RYA accredited training centres.

Deep Blue Sea Training is an International Yachtmaster Academy & Powerboat School based in Palma, Mallorca and Southampton UK and specialising in helping professional yacht crew and seafarers. Solaris Sailing is aimed at recreational boaters who may have the ambition to become a Yachtmaster or just enjoy getting out on the water.

This means that we are able to provide you with the perfect level of training you require regardless of whether you are a recreational boater looking for your first introduction to boats, or a professional in the maritime industry looking to increase your qualifications for your job.

For many people. learning to sail and spending time out on the water is the ultimate leisure pursuit. Whether you are a complete beginner hoping to find your sea legs for the first time, or a seasoned sailor keen to build new skills and experience, at milebuilders we can help you achieve your goals through thorough, fun and challenging training in the stunning surroundings of the beautiful Balearics. Whether you want to learn to sail a dinghy, or something bigger like a cruising yacht, or maybe you want to learn to handle a motor yacht or powerboat, at milebuilders we have the team and the equipment to deliver for you.

If you currently work, or are hoping to work in the yachting industry you need appropriate training and qualifications. For sail, motor, power and personal watercraft, the Royal Yachting Association of Great Britain (RYA) has a wide range of highly respected qualifications that are internationally recognised and many of which can be commercially endorsed for those working in the maritime sector.

Specialist Courses

Personal Water Craft

Powerboat Level 2

RYA Coastal Skipper Motor

Advanced Pilotage

RYA Day Skipper (Motor)

Start Motor Cruising

Yachtmaster (Sail & Motor)

Coastal Skipper (Sail)

Day Skipper (Sail)

Competent Crew (Sail)

Start Yachting (Sail)

Choice of courses

Milebuilders provide RYA Courses for both professional yacht crew and recreational boaters. So whether you wish to learn to sail for fun, complete a Yachtmaster course , a Powerboat course or one of our specialist courses we are here to provide you with expert, friendly advice and assistance. Our team of highly experienced Yachtmaster instructors love the sea and will help you to get the most from your sailing with the priority on safe fun. We will equip you with the skills and learning to be confident out at sea, whether in your own boat or a charter yacht.

RYA courses include: Yachtmaster (Navigation Theory, Sail Yachtmaster, Motor Yachtmaster, Sail to Power Yachtmaster conversion, Yachtmaster Ocean), Powerboat Courses (including Powerboat Level 2), jetski courses and various Specialist courses such as VHF SRC, Radar and First Aid. We also provide ICC training (International Certificate of Competence).

Whether you need a licence to drive a tender, a jet ski, a radar qualification or a first aid certificate. Whether you need to do a course in Sea Survival, diesel engine maintenance or a VHF short range certificate, there is a training course from the RYA that offers the solution. The highly prized Yachtmaster scheme offers professional licences that when commercially endorsed give the holder significant privileges including that of a Captain of Yachts up to 200 gross tonnes with up to 12 paying passengers. For many the Yachtmaster Offshore or Yachtmaster Ocean Certificate of Competence is the pinnacle of their yachting ambitions, for others a necessary step on the way to a Deck Officer career.

Yacht Charter

Owning, mooring and maintaining a yacht is an expensive business so many people opt for yacht charter instead – and there are many benefits in doing so

Around Mallorca
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Deep Blue Sea Training

Yachtmaster sail to motor conversion program.

The same rules apply whether you are converting from sail to power, or from power to sail, and the practical exam for both is a full yachtmaster exam, albeit with some reduced pre-requisite requirements.

Exam duration

The practical exam will take about 8-12 hours for one candidate and 12-16 hours for two. The examiner may ask questions or set tasks on any part of the syllabus but will concentrate on those sections which are markedly different in a motor cruiser, eg boat handling, passage planning, radar. Your theory knowledge will need to be at or above Yachtmaster standard.

Pre-exam requirements

The mileage shown below must be in the type of boat that you are converting to. All qualifying seatime must be within 10 years prior to the exam.

For Yachtmaster™ Coastal conversion exams

Minimum of 400 miles
12 days living on board
2 days as skipper
12 night hours

For Yachtmaster™ Offshore conversion exams

Minimum of 1250 miles
25 days living on board
3 days as skipper
3 passages over 60 miles including 1 overnight and 1 as skipper

Course Schedule

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About Deep Blue Sea Training

Deep Blue Sea Training are an established and accredited RYA training centre in Palma de Mallorca, Spain and Southampton UK, providing RYA courses for leisure and recreational sailors as well as professional seafarers.

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Mile Building

6 safe ways to build miles for rya yachtmaster offshore certification.

RYA Requirements for Yachtmaster Offshore

The RYA Yachtmaster Offshore 8 to 12-hour exam includes an assessment of your skippering skills, boat handling, navigation, safety awareness, general seamanship, and knowledge of the IRPCS, meteorology and signals.

However, it also requires a significant amount of sea time and sea miles, which can be difficult to accumulate if you do not own your own yacht.

Before you can take the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore examination you must have the following logged mileage / experience and certifications:

50 days at sea
2,500 miles within 10 years of the exam (at least half of which must be gained in tidal waters and on vessels less than 24m LOA)
The mileage logged must include at least 5 passages over 60 miles each (measured along the rhumb line from the port of departure to the destination). You must act as skipper for at least two of those passages.
Two of the passages must include overnight sailing.
5 days experience as a skipper
All mileage must be on the type of vessel for which you wish to be certified (sail or power).
Candidates must hold a GMDSS Short Range Certificate (SRC) or higher grade of marine radio certificate.
Candidates must hold a valid first aid certificate.
Candidates must be at least 18 years of age.
The candidate is examined on the water by an RYA-appointed Yachtmaster Examiner.

The RYA Day Skipper course is a good prerequisite. Some candidates are also equipped with the Coastal Skipper qualification. The candidate should have sailed extensively in different areas, serving as skipper.

Ways to Build Miles for the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Certification

For candidates who do not own their own yacht, building the appropriate miles presents unique challenges. Here are six safe ways to build the high-quality miles required for the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore certification.

1. Adventure through the Mediterranean and Atlantic while learning from the best instructors.

The miles can be collected anywhere in the world with at least half of them being in tidal waters. The further north you sail, especially in winter, the more likely you will deal with unfavorable weather, especially outside of sheltered bays. You can build your experience with ideal conditions and sunny weather by arranging mile-building days and sailing weekends with Mallorca Sailing Academy . With the guidance of an experience skipper, you can get a taste of longer passages to stunning locations throughout the Mediterranean while remaining in safe, predictable waters. To accumulate more miles, try a spectacular sail from Mallorca to Croatia or to Sardinia. If you want to be bold and adventure beyond Mediterranean waters, you can book a 10-day sail in the Atlantic to the majestic Canary Islands.

2. Pre-arranged courses through sailing schools.

‍ Taking RYA sailing courses count toward your mileage, so why not continue to build skills while also earning valuable sea time and sea miles. During these courses, you will also meet many other sailors looking to build miles for the more advanced certifications. You can coordinate with them for sailing and crewing opportunities.

3. Do-it-yourself adventures with friends.

‍ Hop onboard a friend’s yacht to help build miles. Be sure that the captain is a certified skipper and ask if they would allow you to skipper some night watches or even a full passage.

4. Opportunities through crew websites.

There are many websites that offer crewing opportunities on long passages. You can also find opportunities to crew on racing yachts to help build miles.

5. Go along for the ride on other senior Yachtmaster courses.

‍ Often, sailing schools will allow sailors to tag along on the more senior courses. This can also help to build miles when you do not have access to your own yacht.

6. Charter a yacht with a qualified skipper.

‍ Many sailing schools offer charter opportunities on modern yachts with qualified skippers.

Get started building the miles you need to become a certified Yachtmaster!

Mallorca Sailing Academy offers many opportunities to build high-quality sea miles under the safe supervision of qualified skippers. We also offer the prestigious RYA Yachtmaster Offshore and RYA Yachtmaster Coastal courses.

Which Are The Best Months To Sail Mallorca?

Spain has some of the highest rate sunlight hours in Europe, with the towns and cities lying on the Mediterranean benefiting from the sunshine without suffering from the infamously excessive heat of the Iberian peninsula. All year round, the Mallorcan climate is relatively mild and is therefore suitable for all sorts of outdoor recreational activities like hiking, climbing, ball sports, and, certainly, sailing.

We are often asked how many people is the ideal number for a crew

Discover the ideal number of crew for a yacht based on its size, sailing experience, and type of sailing with our general guidelines. Our experts provide recommendations for crew sizes for small, mid-sized, and large yachts, as well as racing yachts.

Under the Sail: The Mechanics of Boat Movement

Sailing is an exciting combination of science and art that takes us on a voyage of exploration where the wind and water become partners in a dance with the elements. At the core of this captivating activity is the sail, a remarkable feat of design that elegantly captures the wind's energy, transforming it into forward momentum. This blog serves as a beginner's guide to the fascinating world of sailing, offering a window into the intricate mechanics of how sails harness wind power. Whether you're a novice sailor, eager to learn the ropes, or simply curious about the principles that make a sailboat glide across the water, you'll find some valuable insights here. As we dive deeper into the art of sailing, we uncover not just the technical aspects but also the sheer joy and freedom that come from skillfully navigating the winds and waves. So, let's start this journey and explore the magic and mechanics of sailing.

Types of Sails and How They are Used

Every sail is not created equally. Some smaller yachts have only one sail, which makes sail selection a breeze. However, larger sailboats have several sails with dozens of different sail configurations. When learning to sail, it’s important to understand the different types of sails and how they are used. For example, if you want to go downwind faster, use a spinnaker. If you are headed upwind, you may want a code zero. In other words, different conditions require different types of sails with different characteristics.

Types of Sailing Rigs

Rigging and sails are closely related, and all are part of a yacht’s overall sail plan. There are dozens of types of sails and literally hundreds of various configurations. A sail rig is the way that the sails are attached to the mast. It is the setup or configuration of the sailboat and consists of the sail and mast hardware. It can get confusing. For example, the shape of sails depends on the rigging, so they overlap a bit. In this article, we will explore the most commonly-used modern sail rigs.

Travel Smart - Understanding Visa Rules for Sailors

Sailing across the blue expanses of our planet offers a great sense of freedom and adventure. Yet, the thrill of navigating the open seas comes with its set of bureaucratic challenges, particularly when it comes to understanding and complying with international visa rules. Whether you're a professional skipper or just a recreational cruiser, these regulations can have a big influence on your trip, so you should plan properly before you set off.

Top Apps for Sailors: Weather Forecasting at Your Fingertips

Sailing is a thrilling experience that requires skill, patience, and a deep understanding of the wind. For beginners, the challenge does not only lie in handling the sailboat but also in predicting and utilizing the wind effectively. This is where wind finder apps come into play and become incredibly useful. These apps are essential tools that help sailors of all skill levels organize and carry out their sailing trips safely and enjoyably.

Top 6 Reasons to Learn to Sail in Mallorca

Learn to sail on the spectacular island of Mallorca to experience ideal sailing weather, stunning scenery, and a rich and vibrant culture — setting the perfect landscape for expert RYA sailing training. Mallorca Sailing Academy offers something for everyone — from beginners getting their first taste of the basics of sailing, to day skippers who want to enhance their RYA skills on the exquisite Mediterranean coastline.

Anchoring Safety: Navigating with Assurance

Welcome to the sailing world, where the sea can be a great teacher for those who pay attention. One of the essential skills to learn is anchoring, which guarantees a safe and tranquil end to a voyage while respecting the marine ecosystem. This blog post is your guide to mastering anchoring. You'll anchor confidently and responsibly with a good understanding of the fundamentals and a respectful approach to the sea.

How Long Does It Take To Sail Around Mallorca?

Mallorca is the biggest of Spain’s Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, accompanied by Ibiza, Menorca, and Formentera. The culturally-rich paradise is a skipper’s dream, offering perfect sailing conditions for most of the year and an abundance of shoreline to trace and explore.

Navigating With Heart: Creating Cherished Family Moments at Sea

Going on a sailing adventure with your family opens up a world of discovery, bonding, and unparalleled experiences. The allure of the open sea, with its promise of freedom and adventure, beckons families to set sail and create memories that will last a lifetime. However, navigating this journey requires careful consideration, especially when it involves children. Every aspect—from picking the ideal ship to organising your voyages and taking educational needs into account—plays a crucial part in guaranteeing a safe and enjoyable experience for all. This blog aims to equip beginner sailing families with the knowledge and confidence to start on their seafaring adventures, creating cherished family moments at sea.

Is Sailing Right for You? Start Yachting in Mallorca to Find Out

An introduction to sailing doesn’t have to involve boring instruction in a classroom setting. In fact, the RYA Start Yachting beginner course provides the ultimate hands-on experience for first-time sailors who need basic introductory skills but also crave an exciting adventure. It’s the perfect course to try if you are interested in discovering whether sailing is something you want to explore further.

Sverdlovsk Oblast

in Russian. or , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. provide in the accompanying your translation by providing an to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is to the . .



Свердловская область


Coordinates: 61°20′E / 58.700°N 61.333°E / 58.700; 61.333
Country


Administrative center
Government
• Body
•
Area
• Total	194,307 km (75,022 sq mi)
• Rank
Population ( )
• Total	4,268,998
• Estimate	4,325,256
• Rank
• Density	22/km (57/sq mi)
•	85.8%
•	14.2%
	( )
	RU-SVE
	66, 96, 196
ID	65000000
Official languages
Website

Natural resources

Early history, medieval history and russian expansion, rise of the mining-metallurgical era, soviet ural, post-soviet transition, administrative divisions, demographics, settlements, ethnic groups, chairmen of the oblast duma, chairmen of the house of representatives of the legislative assembly, economy and transportation, sister relationships, notable people, external links.

any . Please help by . Unsourced material may be challenged and . ) )

Most of the oblast is spread over the eastern slopes of the Middle and North Urals and the Western Siberian Plain . Only in the southwest does the oblast stretch onto the western slopes of the Ural Mountains .

The highest mountains all rise in the North Urals, Konzhakovsky Kamen at 1,569 metres (5,148 ft) and Denezhkin Kamen at 1,492 metres (4,895 ft) . The Middle Urals is mostly hilly country with no discernible peaks; the mean elevation is closer to 300 to 500 metres (980 to 1,640 ft) above sea level. [9] Principal rivers include the Tavda , the Tura , the Chusovaya , and the Ufa , the latter two being tributaries of the Kama .

Sverdlovsk Oblast borders with, clockwise from the west, Perm Krai , the Komi Republic , Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug , Tyumen Oblast , Kurgan , and Chelyabinsk Oblasts , and the Republic of Bashkortostan .

The area is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude.

Rich in natural resources, the oblast is especially famous for metals ( iron , copper , gold , platinum ), minerals ( asbestos , gemstones , talcum ), marble and coal . It is mostly here that the bulk of Russian industry was concentrated in the 18th and 19th centuries.

The area has continental climate patterns, with long cold winters (average temperatures reaching −15 °C (5 °F) to −25 °C (−13 °F) on the Western Siberian Plain) and short warm summers. Only in the southeast of the oblast do temperatures reach +30 °C (86 °F) in July.

You can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in Russian . (November 2020) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Russian article.

in Russian. a machine-translated version of the Russian article. or , is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. to this template: there are already 937 articles in the , and specifying topic= will aid in categorization. provide in the accompanying your translation by providing an to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is to the . .

The territory of the region has been inhabited since ancient times. Numerous sites of ancient people were discovered, dating from the Paleolithic to the Iron Age. The Upper Paleolithic includes the Garinsky site on the right bank of the Sosva river near the village of Gari , the site in the Shaitansky grotto, and the site in the Bezymyanny cave (X millennium BC). [10] [11] In 1890, the 11 thousand years old (Mesolithic) Shigir idol was discovered. [12]

A settlement and a burial ground in the Kalmatsky Brod tract are located on the right bank of the Iset river and date back to the Sarmatian time (from the 3rd century BC to the 2nd century AD). They belong to the Kalmak archaeological culture. In the Kalmatsky Brod burial ground, the skeletal skulls were strongly deformed by tight bandaging in early childhood, which indicates the penetration of steppe ethnic elements to the north. [13]

There are numerous pictograms on the Koptelovsky stone, on the Oblique stone, on the Two-eyed stone, Starichnaya, Serginskaya, the rock paintings of the Bronze Age on the Neyva River, Tagil River (villages Brekhovaya, Gaevaya, Komelskaya), rock carvings on Shaitan-Kamen on the right bank of the Rezh river tied to indigenous Ural population, possibly speakers of a Ugric language . [14] [15] The Gostkovskaya Pisanitsa refers to the Middle Ages. [12]

Before the first Russian colonists arrived to the region, it was populated by various Turkic and Ugrian tribes. By the 16th century, when the Middle Urals were under influence of various Tatar khanates, the strongest local state was the Vogul Pelym principality with its center in Pelym .

The Russian conquest of the Khanate of Kazan in the 1550s paved the way further east, which was now free from Tatar depredations (see Yermak Timofeyevich ). The first surviving Russian settlements in the area date back to the late 16th – early 17th centuries ( Verkhoturye , 1598; Turinsk , 1600; Irbit , 1633; Alapayevsk , 1639). At that time, those small trading posts were governed under Siberian administration in Tobolsk . After the 1708 administrative reform, Verkhoturye, Pelym and Turinsk became a part of the new Siberian Governorate , in 1737 their territories were assigned to the Kazan Governorate .

During the 18th century, rich resources of iron and coal made Ural an industrial heartland of Russia. After getting control over Ural mines, the Demidov family put the region in the forefront of Russian industrialization. Yekaterinburg , Nevyansk and Tagil ironworks, founded in the 1700s to 1720s, soon joined the ranks of the major producers in Europe. Throughout the 18th and 19th century those newly founded factory towns enjoyed a status of special mining-metallurgical districts allowed to have a certain rate of financial and proprietary autonomy. During the 1781 reform middle Ural finally got its own regional administration in the form of the Perm Governorate .

When in 1812 the Russian government legalized gold digging for its citizens, Middle Ural became a center of gold mining. Entrepreneurs of the Perm Governorate also started the gold rush in West Siberia, soon Yekaterinburgers began to dominate the Russian market of precious metals and gemstones.

After the emancipation reform of 1861 , major Middle Uralian industries that were heavily dependent on serf labor entered decline, although it also allowed light industry to thrive. In 1878, Perm and Yekaterinburg were connected with a railroad, in 1888, railroads reached Tyumen , and ultimately, in 1897, Yekaterinburg joined the Trans-Siberian network . Emergence of railroad transportation helped to revitalize economy of Ural.

The Bolsheviks established their power in Yekaterinburg and Perm during the first days of the October Revolution of 1917. In early 1918 the dethroned Czar Nicholas II and his family were transferred under custody to Yekaterinburg. Local Bolsheviks decided autonomously to execute the royal family on July 17, 1918, to prevent its rescue of by the approaching White Army forces. Ten days later Yekaterinburg was captured by the Czechoslovak troops of Sergei Wojciechowski . For the next year the Anti-bolshevik forces took control over the region. On 19 August 1918, Provisional Government of Ural was formed in Yekaterinburg by a coalition of liberal and democratic socialist parties, it was supposed to serve as a buffer between the Komuch and Provisional Siberian governments. After the Kolchak coup d'état in Omsk in November 1918, the Government of Ural was disbanded.

In July 1919, in the course of the Yekaterinburg offense, Yekaterinburg and the surrounding areas were recaptured by the Red Army forces under command of Vasily Shorin . On the July 15th, the Perm Governorate was split by the Soviets and the east, for the first time in history, became a separate region, the Yekaterinburg Governorate. It was soon abolished and replaced by the Ural Oblast (1923-1934).

In the 1930s many industrial enterprises were established and built with the help of forced labour. [16] Local industry received another impetus during World War II, when important producing facilities were relocated here from the European part of Russia to safeguard them from the advancing Germans (for example, IMZ-Ural , Kamensk-Uralsky Metallurgical Works ). In the postwar period much of the region was off-limits to foreigners. It was over Sverdlovsk that the American U-2 spy plane pilot Gary Powers was shot down on May 1, 1960, while on a reconnaissance mission.

In 1979, there was an anthrax outbreak caused by an accident in a facility to develop biological weapons.

In 1993, Governor Eduard Rossel responded to perceived economic inequality by attempting to create a " Ural Republic ." Sverdlovsk led the "Urals Five" ( Kurgan Oblast , Orenburg Oblast , Perm Krai , Chelyabinsk Oblast and Sverdlovsk) in a call for greater regional power. They argued that the oblasts deserved as much power as the ethnic homeland republics . The Urals Republic Constitution went into effect on October 27, 1993. Then Russian President Boris Yeltsin dissolved the Urals Republic and the Sverdlovsk Parliament 10 days later (on November 9).

Population : 4,268,998 ( 2021 Census ) ; [5] 4,297,747 ( 2010 Russian census ) ; [17] 4,486,214 ( 2002 Census ) ; [18] 4,716,768 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . [19]

Vital statistics for 2022: [20] [21]

Births: 39,958 (9.4 per 1,000)
Deaths: 59,316 (13.9 per 1,000)

Total fertility rate (2022): [22] 1.56 children per woman

Life expectancy (2021): [23] Total — 68.79 years (male — 63.72, female — 73.80)


	Rank			Municipal pop.
	1			1,493,749
	2			349,008
	3			166,086
	4			120,778
	5			95,861
	6			80,357
	7			72,688
	8			62,908
	9			61,533
	10			60,979

Historical population
Year
1926	3,151,883	—
1939	2,331,176	−26.0%
1959	4,044,416	+73.5%
1970	4,319,741	+6.8%
1979	4,453,491	+3.1%
1989	4,716,768	+5.9%
2002	4,486,214	−4.9%
2010	4,297,747	−4.2%
2021	4,268,998	−0.7%
Source: Census data

There were twenty-one recognized ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each in the oblast. Residents identified themselves as belonging to a total of 148 different ethnic groups, including: [17]

3,684,843 Russians (90.6%);
143,803 Tatars (3.5%);
35,563 Ukrainians (0.9%);
31,183 Bashkirs (0.8%);
23,801 Mari (0.6%);
14,914 Germans (0.4%);
14,215 Azerbaijanis (0.3%);
13,789 Udmurts (0.3%);
11,670 Belarusians (0.3%);
11,510 Chuvash (0.26%);
11,501 Armenians (0.3%);
11,138 Tajiks (0.3%);
9,702 Mordovians (0.22%);
9,358 Uzbeks (0.2%);

232,978 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. [24]

Religion in Sverdlovsk Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)

			33%
Other			2.1%
Other			5.8%
			2.9%
and other native faiths			1.3%
			36.1%
and			13%
Other and undeclared			5.8%

Christianity is the largest religion in Sverdlovsk Oblast. According to a 2012 survey [25] 43% of the population of Sverdlovsk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 5% are nondenominational Christians (excluding Protestant churches), 3% are Muslims , 2% are Orthodox Christian believers without belonging to any Church or are members of other Orthodox churches , 1% are adherents of the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery), and 0.3% are adherents of forms of Hinduism ( Vedism , Krishnaism or Tantrism ). In addition, 36% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", and 9.7% is atheist . [25]

The most important institutions of higher education include Ural Federal University , Ural State Medical University , Ural State University of Economics , Ural State Law University , Ural State Mining University and Ural State Academy of Architecture and Arts , all located in the capital Yekaterinburg.

The oblast's Charter, adopted on 17 December 1994, with subsequent amendments, establishes the oblast government. The Governor is the chief executive, who appoints the Government, consisting of ministries and departments. The Chairman of the Government, commonly referred to as the Prime Minister, is appointed with the consent of the lower house of the legislature , a process similar to the appointment of the federal Prime Minister . But the Governor cannot nominate the same candidate more than twice, yet he/she can dismiss the house after three failed attempts to appoint the Premier. [ needs update ]

The Legislative Assembly is the regional parliament of Sverdlovsk Oblast. Until 2011, it was a bicameral legislature consisting of the Oblast Duma, the lower house , and the House of Representatives, the upper house . [27] Before the reform, members of the legislature served four-year terms with half of the Duma re-elected every two years. The Duma (28 members) was elected in party lists. The 21 members of the House of Representatives were elected in single-seat districts in a first-past-the-post system. The Legislative Assembly was the first bicameral legislature outside an autonomous republic, and the first regional legislature in Russia to elect members based on both party lists and single-seat districts . As of 2021, the Legislative Assembly is a unicameral legislature with a total of 50 seats, with half of the members elected by single-mandate constituencies and the other half elected in party lists for five-year terms. [28] [29]

Compliance with the Charter is enforced by the Charter Court. The existence of such regional courts in Russia, formed and functioning outside the federal judiciary, although challenged, has been upheld and persisted successfully in most constituent members of the Federation where they were established.

Until President Putin 's reforms of 2004, the Governor was elected by direct vote for terms of four years. Eduard Rossel has been the only elected governor (first elected governor for an oblast in Russia) since 1995 (appointed in 1991 and dismissed in 1993 by President Yeltsin ), re-elected in 1999 and 2003.

Since 2012, the oblast's Governor is Yevgeny Kuyvashev .

Name	Period
Vyacheslav Surganov	April 20, 1996 – April 2000
Yevgeny Porunov	April 26, 2000 – April 2002
Nikolay Voronin	April 24, 2002 – April 23, 2003
Alexander Zaborov (acting)	April 23, 2003 – July 3, 2003
Nikolay Voronin	July 3, 2003 – March 23, 2010
Elena Chechunova	March 23, 2010 – December 2011

Name	Period
Aleksandr Shaposhnikov	April 20, 1996 – May 1998
Pyotr Golenishchev	May 14, 1998 – April 2000
Viktor Yakimov	April 21, 2000 – April 2004
Yury Osintsev	April 6, 2004 – September 2007
Lyudmila Babushkina	October 2007 – December 2011

In the 1990s, the Oblast's population was distinguished by relatively high support for parties and candidates of the right and democratic persuasion. In the 1996 presidential election, Boris Yeltsin , a native of the region who lived in Sverdlovsk until the 1980s, won over 70% of the vote. In the regional elections in 2010 in the Sverdlovsk Oblast, United Russia received minimal support relative to other regions - only 39.79% of votes. [30]

Even though it could do with modernizing, the region's industries are quite diverse. 12% of Russia's iron and steel industry is still concentrated in Sverdlovsk oblast. Iron and copper are mined and processed here, the logging industry and wood-processing are important, too.

The largest companies in the region include Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company , UralVagonZavod , Enel Russia , Nizhniy Tagil Iron and Steel Works , Federal Freight . [31]

Yekaterinburg is a prominent road, rail and air hub in the Ural region. As the economic slump subsided, several European airlines started or resumed flights to the city. These include Lufthansa , British Airways , CSA , Turkish Airlines , Austrian Airlines and Finnair . Malév Hungarian Airlines used to be among those carriers but they had to drop their flights to SVX ( IATA airport code for Sverdlovsk) after a few months.

The Alapaevsk narrow-gauge railway serves the communities around Alapayevsk .

Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu province , Vietnam
Harbin , China
Vladik Dzhabarov , Russian cyclist
Andrey Fedyaev , Russian cosmonaut
Yakov Sverdlov , a communist revolutionary after whom Sverdlovsk and subsequently Sverdlovsk Oblast were named.
Church of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary , a building of regional historical significance in Staropyshminsk village.



(48)
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Claimed by and considered by most of the international community to be part of Ukraine. Administratively subordinated to . Administratively subordinated to .

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YEKATERINBURG: FACTORIES, URAL SIGHTS, YELTSIN AND THE WHERE NICHOLAS II WAS KILLED

Sverdlovsk oblast.

Sverdlovsk Oblast is the largest region in the Urals; it lies in the foothills of mountains and contains a monument indicating the border between Europe and Asia. The region covers 194,800 square kilometers (75,200 square miles), is home to about 4.3 million people and has a population density of 22 people per square kilometer. About 83 percent of the population live in urban areas. Yekaterinburg is the capital and largest city, with 1.5 million people. For Russians, the Ural Mountains are closely associated with Pavel Bazhov's tales and known for folk crafts such as Kasli iron sculpture, Tagil painting, and copper embossing. Yekaterinburg is the birthplace of Russia’s iron and steel industry, taking advantage of the large iron deposits in the Ural mountains. The popular Silver Ring of the Urals tourist route starts here.

In the summer you can follow in the tracks of Yermak, climb relatively low Ural mountain peaks and look for boulders seemingly with human faces on them. You can head to the Gemstone Belt of the Ural mountains, which used to house emerald, amethyst and topaz mines. In the winter you can go ice fishing, ski and cross-country ski.

Sverdlovsk Oblast and Yekaterinburg are located near the center of Russia, at the crossroads between Europe and Asia and also the southern and northern parts of Russia. Winters are longer and colder than in western section of European Russia. Snowfalls can be heavy. Winter temperatures occasionally drop as low as - 40 degrees C (-40 degrees F) and the first snow usually falls in October. A heavy winter coat, long underwear and good boots are essential. Snow and ice make the sidewalks very slippery, so footwear with a good grip is important. Since the climate is very dry during the winter months, skin moisturizer plus lip balm are recommended. Be alert for mud on street surfaces when snow cover is melting (April-May). Patches of mud create slippery road conditions.

Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg (kilometer 1818 on the Trans-Siberian Railway) is the fourth largest city in Russia, with of 1.5 million and growth rate of about 12 percent, high for Russia. Located in the southern Ural mountains, it was founded by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine, it was used by the tsars as a summer retreat and is where tsar Nicholas II and his family were executed and President Boris Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career. The city is near the border between Europe and Asia.

Yekaterinburg (also spelled Ekaterinburg) is located on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains in the headwaters of the Iset and Pyshma Rivers. The Iset runs through the city center. Three ponds — Verkh-Isetsky, Gorodskoy and Nizhne-Isetsky — were created on it. Yekaterinburg has traditionally been a city of mining and was once the center of the mining industry of the Urals and Siberia. Yekaterinburg remains a major center of the Russian armaments industry and is sometimes called the "Pittsburgh of Russia.". A few ornate, pastel mansions and wide boulevards are reminders of the tsarist era. The city is large enough that it has its own Metro system but is characterized mostly by blocky Soviet-era apartment buildings. The city has advanced under President Vladimir Putin and is now one of the fastest growing places in Russia, a country otherwise characterized by population declines

Yekaterinburg is technically an Asian city as it lies 32 kilometers east of the continental divide between Europe and Asia. The unofficial capital of the Urals, a key region in the Russian heartland, it is second only to Moscow in terms of industrial production and capital of Sverdlovsk oblast. Among the important industries are ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, machine building and metalworking, chemical and petrochemicals, construction materials and medical, light and food industries. On top of being home of numerous heavy industries and mining concerns, Yekaterinburg is also a major center for industrial research and development and power engineering as well as home to numerous institutes of higher education, technical training, and scientific research. In addition, Yekaterinburg is the largest railway junction in Russia: the Trans-Siberian Railway passes through it, the southern, northern, western and eastern routes merge in the city.

Accommodation: There are two good and affordable hotels — the 3-star Emerald and Parus hotels — located close to the city's most popular landmarks and main transport interchanges in the center of Yekaterinburg. Room prices start at RUB 1,800 per night.

History of Yekaterinburg

Yekaterinburg was founded in 1723 by Peter the Great and named after his wife Catherine I. It was used by the tsars as a summer retreat but was mainly developed as metalworking and manufacturing center to take advantage of the large deposits of iron and other minerals in the Ural mountains. It is best known to Americans as the place where the last Tsar and his family were murdered by the Bolsheviks in 1918 and near where American U-2 spy plane, piloted by Gary Powers, was shot down in 1960.

Peter the Great recognized the importance of the iron and copper-rich Urals region for Imperial Russia's industrial and military development. In November 1723, he ordered the construction of a fortress factory and an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. In its early years Yekaterinburg grew rich from gold and other minerals and later coal. The Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745 created such a huge amount of wealth that one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. By the mid-18th century, metallurgical plants had sprung up across the Urals to cast cannons, swords, guns and other weapons to arm Russia’s expansionist ambitions. The Yekaterinburg mint produced most of Russia's coins. Explorations of the Trans-Baikal and Altai regions began here in the 18th century.

Iron, cast iron and copper were the main products. Even though Iron from the region went into the Eiffel Tower, the main plant in Yekaterinburg itself was shut down in 1808. The city still kept going through a mountain factory control system of the Urals. The first railway in the Urals was built here: in 1878, the Yekaterinburg-Perm railway branch connected the province's capital with the factories of the Middle Urals.

In the Soviet era the city was called Sverdlovsk (named after Yakov Sverdlov, the man who organized Nicholas II's execution). During the first five-year plans the city became industrial — old plants were reconstructed, new ones were built. The center of Yekaterinburg was formed to conform to the historical general plan of 1829 but was the layout was adjusted around plants and factories. In the Stalin era the city was a major gulag transhipment center. In World War II, many defense-related industries were moved here. It and the surrounding area were a center of the Soviet Union's military industrial complex. Soviet tanks, missiles and aircraft engines were made in the Urals. During the Cold War era, Yekaterinburg was a center of weapons-grade uranium enrichment and processing, warhead assembly and dismantlement. In 1979, 64 people died when anthrax leaked from a biological weapons facility. Yekaterinburg was a “Closed City” for 40 years during the Cold Soviet era and was not open to foreigners until 1991

In the early post-Soviet era, much like Pittsburgh in the 1970s, Yekaterinburg had a hard struggle d to cope with dramatic economic changes that have made its heavy industries uncompetitive on the world market. Huge defense plants struggled to survive and the city was notorious as an organized crime center in the 1990s, when its hometown boy Boris Yeltsin was President of Russia. By the 2000s, Yekaterinburg’s retail and service was taking off, the defense industry was reviving and it was attracting tech industries and investments related to the Urals’ natural resources. By the 2010s it was vying to host a world exhibition in 2020 (it lost, Dubai won) and it had McDonald’s, Subway, sushi restaurants, and Gucci, Chanel and Armani. There were Bentley and Ferrari dealerships but they closed down

Transportation in Yekaterinburg

Getting There: By Plane: Yekaterinburg is a three-hour flight from Moscow with prices starting at RUB 8,000, or a 3-hour flight from Saint Petersburg starting from RUB 9,422 (direct round-trip flight tickets for one adult passenger). There are also flights from Frankfurt, Istanbul, China and major cities in the former Soviet Union.

By Train: Yekaterinburg is a major stop on the Trans-Siberian Railway. Daily train service is available to Moscow and many other Russian cities.Yekaterinburg is a 32-hour train ride from Moscow (tickets RUB 8,380 and above) or a 36-hour train ride from Saint Petersburg (RUB 10,300 and above). The ticket prices are round trip for a berth in a sleeper compartment for one adult passenger). By Car: a car trip from Moscow to Yekateringburg is 1,787 kilometers long and takes about 18 hours. The road from Saint Petersburg is 2,294 kilometers and takes about 28 hours.

Regional Transport: The region's public transport includes buses and suburban electric trains. Regional trains provide transport to larger cities in the Ural region. Buses depart from Yekaterinburg’s two bus stations: the Southern Bus Station and the Northern Bus Station.

Regional Transport: According the to Association for Safe International Road Travel (ASIRT): “Public transportation is well developed. Overcrowding is common. Fares are low. Service is efficient. Buses are the main form of public transport. Tram network is extensive. Fares are reasonable; service is regular. Trams are heavily used by residents, overcrowding is common. Purchase ticket after boarding. Metro runs from city center to Uralmash, an industrial area south of the city. Metro ends near the main railway station. Fares are inexpensive.

“Traffic is congested in city center. Getting around by car can be difficult. Route taxis (minivans) provide the fastest transport. They generally run on specific routes, but do not have specific stops. Drivers stop where passengers request. Route taxis can be hailed. Travel by bus or trolleybuses may be slow in rush hour. Trams are less affected by traffic jams. Trolley buses (electric buses) cannot run when temperatures drop below freezing.”

Entertainment, Sports and Recreation in Yekaterinburg

The performing arts in Yekaterinburg are first rate. The city has an excellent symphony orchestra, opera and ballet theater, and many other performing arts venues. Tickets are inexpensive. The Yekaterinburg Opera and Ballet Theater is lavishly designed and richly decorated building in the city center of Yekaterinburg. The theater was established in 1912 and building was designed by architect Vladimir Semyonov and inspired by the Vienna Opera House and the Theater of Opera and Ballet in Odessa.

Vaynera Street is a pedestrian only shopping street in city center with restaurants, cafes and some bars. But otherwise Yekaterinburg's nightlife options are limited. There are a handful of expensive Western-style restaurants and bars, none of them that great. Nightclubs serve the city's nouveau riche clientele. Its casinos have closed down. Some of them had links with organized crime. New dance clubs have sprung up that are popular with Yekaterinburg's more affluent youth.

Yekaterinburg's most popular spectator sports are hockey, basketball, and soccer. There are stadiums and arenas that host all three that have fairly cheap tickets. There is an indoor water park and lots of parks and green spaces. The Urals have many lakes, forests and mountains are great for hiking, boating, berry and mushroom hunting, swimming and fishing. Winter sports include cross-country skiing and ice skating. Winter lasts about six months and there’s usually plenty of snow. The nearby Ural Mountains however are not very high and the downhill skiing opportunities are limited..

Sights in Yekaterinburg

Sights in Yekaterinburg include the Museum of City Architecture and Ural Industry, with an old water tower and mineral collection with emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and other precious stone; Geological Alley, a small park with labeled samples of minerals found in the Urals region; the Ural Geology Museum, which houses an extensive collection of stones, gold and gems from the Urals; a monument marking the border between Europe and Asia; a memorial for gulag victims; and a graveyard with outlandish memorials for slain mafia members.

The Military History Museum houses the remains of the U-2 spy plane shot down in 1960 and locally made tanks and rocket launchers. The fine arts museum contains paintings by some of Russia's 19th-century masters. Also worth a look are the History an Local Studies Museum; the Political History and Youth Museum; and the University and Arboretum. Old wooden houses can be seen around Zatoutstovsya ulitsa and ulitsa Belinskogo. Around the city are wooded parks, lakes and quarries used to harvest a variety of minerals. Weiner Street is the main street of Yekaterinburg. Along it are lovely sculptures and 19th century architecture. Take a walk around the unique Literary Quarter

Plotinka is a local meeting spot, where you will often find street musicians performing. Plotinka can be described as the center of the city's center. This is where Yekaterinburg holds its biggest events: festivals, seasonal fairs, regional holiday celebrations, carnivals and musical fountain shows. There are many museums and open-air exhibitions on Plotinka. Plotinka is named after an actual dam of the city pond located nearby (“plotinka” means “a small dam” in Russian).In November 1723, Peter the Great ordered the construction of an ironworks in the Iset River Valley, which required a dam for its operation. “Iset” can be translated from Finnish as “abundant with fish”. This name was given to the river by the Mansi — the Finno-Ugric people dwelling on the eastern slope of the Northern Urals.

Vysotsky and Iset are skyscrapers that are 188.3 meters and 209 meters high, respectively. Fifty-story-high Iset has been described by locals as the world’s northernmost skyscraper. Before the construction of Iset, Vysotsky was the tallest building of Yekaterinburg and Russia (excluding Moscow). A popular vote has decided to name the skyscraper after the famous Soviet songwriter, singer and actor Vladimir Vysotsky. and the building was opened on November 25, 2011. There is a lookout at the top of the building, and the Vysotsky museum on its second floor. The annual “Vysotsky climb” (1137 steps) is held there, with a prize of RUB 100,000. While Vysotsky serves as an office building, Iset, owned by the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company, houses 225 premium residential apartments ranging from 80 to 490 square meters in size.

Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center

The Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center (in the city center: ul. Yeltsina, 3) is a non-governmental organization named after the first president of the Russian Federation. The Museum of the First President of Russia as well as his archives are located in the Center. There is also a library, educational and children's centers, and exposition halls. Yeltsin lived most of his life and began his political career in Yekaterinburg. He was born in Butka about 200 kilometers east of Yekaterinburg.

The core of the Center is the Museum. Modern multimedia technologies help animate the documents, photos from the archives, and artifacts. The Yeltsin Museum holds collections of: propaganda posters, leaflets, and photos of the first years of the Soviet regime; portraits and portrait sculptures of members of Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of various years; U.S.S.R. government bonds and other items of the Soviet era; a copy of “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, published in the “Novy Mir” magazine (#11, 1962); perestroika-era editions of books by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Vasily Grossman, and other authors; theater, concert, and cinema posters, programs, and tickets — in short, all of the artifacts of the perestroika era.

The Yeltsin Center opened in 2012. Inside you will also find an art gallery, a bookstore, a gift shop, a food court, concert stages and a theater. There are regular screenings of unique films that you will not find anywhere else. Also operating inside the center, is a scientific exploritorium for children. The center was designed by Boris Bernaskoni. Almost from the its very opening, the Yeltsin Center has been accused by members of different political entities of various ideological crimes. The museum is open Tuesday to Sunday, from 10:00am to 9:00pm.

Where Nicholas II was Executed

On July, 17, 1918, during this reign of terror of the Russian Civil War, former-tsar Nicholas II, his wife, five children (the 13-year-old Alexis, 22-year-old Olga, 19-year-old Maria and 17-year-old Anastasia)the family physician, the cook, maid, and valet were shot to death by a Red Army firing squad in the cellar of the house they were staying at in Yekaterinburg.

Ipatiev House (near Church on the Blood, Ulitsa Libknekhta) was a merchant's house where Nicholas II and his family were executed. The house was demolished in 1977, on the orders of an up and coming communist politician named Boris Yeltsin. Yeltsin later said that the destruction of the house was an "act of barbarism" and he had no choice because he had been ordered to do it by the Politburo,

The site is marked with s cross with the photos of the family members and cross bearing their names. A small wooden church was built at the site. It contains paintings of the family. For a while there were seven traditional wooden churches. Mass is given ay noon everyday in an open-air museum. The Church on the Blood — constructed to honor Nicholas II and his family — was built on the part of the site in 1991 and is now a major place of pilgrimage.

Nicholas and his family where killed during the Russian civil war. It is thought the Bolsheviks figured that Nicholas and his family gave the Whites figureheads to rally around and they were better of dead. Even though the death orders were signed Yakov Sverdlov, the assassination was personally ordered by Lenin, who wanted to get them out of sight and out of mind. Trotsky suggested a trial. Lenin nixed the idea, deciding something had to be done about the Romanovs before White troops approached Yekaterinburg. Trotsky later wrote: "The decision was not only expedient but necessary. The severity of he punishment showed everyone that we would continue to fight on mercilessly, stopping at nothing."

Ian Frazier wrote in The New Yorker: “Having read a lot about the end of Tsar Nicholas II and his family and servants, I wanted to see the place in Yekaterinburg where that event occurred. The gloomy quality of this quest depressed Sergei’s spirits, but he drove all over Yekaterinburg searching for the site nonetheless. Whenever he stopped and asked a pedestrian how to get to the house where Nicholas II was murdered, the reaction was a wince. Several people simply walked away. But eventually, after a lot of asking, Sergei found the location. It was on a low ridge near the edge of town, above railroad tracks and the Iset River. The house, known as the Ipatiev House, was no longer standing, and the basement where the actual killings happened had been filled in. I found the blankness of the place sinister and dizzying. It reminded me of an erasure done so determinedly that it had worn a hole through the page. [Source: Ian Frazier, The New Yorker, August 3, 2009, Frazier is author of “Travels in Siberia” (2010)]

“The street next to the site is called Karl Liebknecht Street. A building near where the house used to be had a large green advertisement that said, in English, “LG—Digitally Yours.” On an adjoining lot, a small chapel kept the memory of the Tsar and his family; beneath a pedestal holding an Orthodox cross, peonies and pansies grew. The inscription on the pedestal read, “We go down on our knees, Russia, at the foot of the tsarist cross.”

Books: The Romanovs: The Final Chapter by Robert K. Massie (Random House, 1995); The Fall of the Romanovs by Mark D. Steinberg and Vladimir Khrustalëv (Yale, 1995);

See Separate Article END OF NICHOLAS II factsanddetails.com

Execution of Nicholas II

According to Robert Massie K. Massie, author of Nicholas and Alexandra, Nicholas II and his family were awakened from their bedrooms around midnight and taken to the basement. They were told they were to going to take some photographs of them and were told to stand behind a row of chairs.

Suddenly, a group of 11 Russians and Latvians, each with a revolver, burst into the room with orders to kill a specific person. Yakob Yurovsky, a member of the Soviet executive committee, reportedly shouted "your relatives are continuing to attack the Soviet Union.” After firing, bullets bouncing off gemstones hidden in the corsets of Alexandra and her daughters ricocheted around the room like "a shower of hail," the soldiers said. Those that were still breathing were killed with point black shots to the head.

The three sisters and the maid survived the first round thanks to their gems. They were pressed up against a wall and killed with a second round of bullets. The maid was the only one that survived. She was pursued by the executioners who stabbed her more than 30 times with their bayonets. The still writhing body of Alexis was made still by a kick to the head and two bullets in the ear delivered by Yurovsky himself.

Yurovsky wrote: "When the party entered I told the Romanovs that in view of the fact their relatives continued their offensive against Soviet Russia, the Executive Committee of the Urals Soviet had decided to shoot them. Nicholas turned his back to the detachment and faced his family. Then, as if collecting himself, he turned around, asking, 'What? What?'"

"[I] ordered the detachment to prepare. Its members had been previously instructed whom to shoot and to am directly at the heart to avoid much blood and to end more quickly. Nicholas said no more. he turned again to his family. The others shouted some incoherent exclamations. All this lasted a few seconds. Then commenced the shooting, which went on for two or three minutes. [I] killed Nicholas on the spot."

Nicholas II’s Initial Burial Site in Yekaterinburg

Ganina Yama Monastery (near the village of Koptyaki, 15 kilometers northwest of Yekaterinburg) stands near the three-meter-deep pit where some the remains of Nicholas II and his family were initially buried. The second burial site — where most of the remains were — is in a field known as Porosyonkov (56.9113628°N 60.4954326°E), seven kilometers from Ganina Yama.

On visiting Ganina Yama Monastery, one person posted in Trip Advisor: “We visited this set of churches in a pretty park with Konstantin from Ekaterinburg Guide Centre. He really brought it to life with his extensive knowledge of the history of the events surrounding their terrible end. The story is so moving so unless you speak Russian, it is best to come here with a guide or else you will have no idea of what is what.”

In 1991, the acid-burned remains of Nicholas II and his family were exhumed from a shallow roadside mass grave in a swampy area 12 miles northwest of Yekaterinburg. The remains had been found in 1979 by geologist and amateur archeologist Alexander Avdonin, who kept the location secret out of fear that they would be destroyed by Soviet authorities. The location was disclosed to a magazine by one his fellow discovers.

The original plan was to throw the Romanovs down a mine shaft and disposes of their remains with acid. They were thrown in a mine with some grenades but the mine didn't collapse. They were then carried by horse cart. The vats of acid fell off and broke. When the carriage carrying the bodies broke down it was decided the bury the bodies then and there. The remaining acid was poured on the bones, but most of it was soaked up the ground and the bones largely survived.

After this their pulses were then checked, their faces were crushed to make them unrecognizable and the bodies were wrapped in bed sheets loaded onto a truck. The "whole procedure," Yurovsky said took 20 minutes. One soldiers later bragged than he could "die in peace because he had squeezed the Empress's -------."

The bodies were taken to a forest and stripped, burned with acid and gasoline, and thrown into abandoned mine shafts and buried under railroad ties near a country road near the village of Koptyaki. "The bodies were put in the hole," Yurovsky wrote, "and the faces and all the bodies, generally doused with sulfuric acid, both so they couldn't be recognized and prevent a stink from them rotting...We scattered it with branches and lime, put boards on top and drove over it several times—no traces of the hole remained.

Shortly afterwards, the government in Moscow announced that Nicholas II had been shot because of "a counterrevolutionary conspiracy." There was no immediate word on the other members of the family which gave rise to rumors that other members of the family had escaped. Yekaterinburg was renamed Sverdlov in honor of the man who signed the death orders.

For seven years the remains of Nicholas II, Alexandra, three of their daughters and four servants were stored in polyethylene bags on shelves in the old criminal morgue in Yekaterunburg. On July 17, 1998, Nicholas II and his family and servants who were murdered with him were buried Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg along with the other Romanov tsars, who have been buried there starting with Peter the Great. Nicholas II had a side chapel built for himself at the fortress in 1913 but was buried in a new crypt.

Near Yekaterinburg

Factory-Museum of Iron and Steel Metallurgy (in Niznhy Tagil 80 kilometers north of Yekaterinburg) a museum with old mining equipment made at the site of huge abandoned iron and steel factory. Officially known as the Factory-Museum of the History of the Development of Iron and Steel Metallurgy, it covers an area of 30 hectares and contains a factory founded by the Demidov family in 1725 that specialized mainly in the production of high-quality cast iron and steel. Later, the foundry was renamed after Valerian Kuybyshev, a prominent figure of the Communist Party.

The first Russian factory museum, the unusual museum demonstrates all stages of metallurgy and metal working. There is even a blast furnace and an open-hearth furnace. The display of factory equipment includes bridge crane from 1892) and rolling stock equipment from the 19th-20th centuries. In Niznhy Tagil contains some huge blocks of malachite and

Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha (180 kilometers east-northeast of Yekaterinburg) has an open air architecture museum with log buildings, a stone church and other pre-revolutionary architecture. The village is the creation of Ivan Samoilov, a local activist who loved his village so much he dedicated 40 years of his life to recreating it as the open-air museum of wooden architecture.

The stone Savior Church, a good example of Siberian baroque architecture. The interior and exterior of the church are exhibition spaces of design. The houses are very colorful. In tsarist times, rich villagers hired serfs to paint the walls of their wooden izbas (houses) bright colors. Old neglected buildings from the 17th to 19th centuries have been brought to Nizhnyaya Sinyachikha from all over the Urals. You will see the interior design of the houses and hear stories about traditions and customs of the Ural farmers.

Verkhoturye (330 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg) is the home a 400-year-old monastery that served as 16th century capital of the Urals. Verkhoturye is a small town on the Tura River knows as the Jerusalem of the Urals for its many holy places, churches and monasteries. The town's main landmark is its Kremlin — the smallest in Russia. Pilgrims visit the St. Nicholas Monastery to see the remains of St. Simeon of Verkhoturye, the patron saint of fishermen.

Ural Mountains

Ural Mountains are the traditional dividing line between Europe and Asia and have been a crossroads of Russian history. Stretching from Kazakhstan to the fringes of the Arctic Kara Sea, the Urals lie almost exactly along the 60 degree meridian of longitude and extend for about 2,000 kilometers (1,300 miles) from north to south and varies in width from about 50 kilometers (30 miles) in the north and 160 kilometers (100 miles) the south. At kilometers 1777 on the Trans-Siberian Railway there is white obelisk with "Europe" carved in Russian on one side and "Asia" carved on the other.

The eastern side of the Urals contains a lot of granite and igneous rock. The western side is primarily sandstone and limestones. A number of precious stones can be found in the southern part of the Urals, including emeralds. malachite, tourmaline, jasper and aquamarines. The highest peaks are in the north. Mount Narodnaya is the highest of all but is only 1884 meters (6,184 feet) high. The northern Urals are covered in thick forests and home to relatively few people.

Like the Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States, the Urals are very old mountains — with rocks and sediments that are hundreds of millions years old — that were one much taller than they are now and have been steadily eroded down over millions of years by weather and other natural processes to their current size. According to Encyclopedia Britannica: “The rock composition helps shape the topography: the high ranges and low, broad-topped ridges consist of quartzites, schists, and gabbro, all weather-resistant. Buttes are frequent, and there are north–south troughs of limestone, nearly all containing river valleys. Karst topography is highly developed on the western slopes of the Urals, with many caves, basins, and underground streams. The eastern slopes, on the other hand, have fewer karst formations; instead, rocky outliers rise above the flattened surfaces. Broad foothills, reduced to peneplain, adjoin the Central and Southern Urals on the east.

“The Urals date from the structural upheavals of the Hercynian orogeny (about 250 million years ago). About 280 million years ago there arose a high mountainous region, which was eroded to a peneplain. Alpine folding resulted in new mountains, the most marked upheaval being that of the Nether-Polar Urals...The western slope of the Urals is composed of middle Paleozoic sedimentary rocks (sandstones and limestones) that are about 350 million years old. In many places it descends in terraces to the Cis-Ural depression (west of the Urals), to which much of the eroded matter was carried during the late Paleozoic (about 300 million years ago). Found there are widespread karst (a starkly eroded limestone region) and gypsum, with large caverns and subterranean streams. On the eastern slope, volcanic layers alternate with sedimentary strata, all dating from middle Paleozoic times.”

Southern Urals

The southern Urals are characterized by grassy slopes and fertile valleys. The middle Urals are a rolling platform that barely rises above 300 meters (1,000 feet). This region is rich in minerals and has been heavily industrialized. This is where you can find Yekaterinburg (formally Sverdlovsk), the largest city in the Urals.

Most of the Southern Urals are is covered with forests, with 50 percent of that pine-woods, 44 percent birch woods, and the rest are deciduous aspen and alder forests. In the north, typical taiga forests are the norm. There are patches of herbal-poaceous steppes, northem sphagnous marshes and bushy steppes, light birch forests and shady riparian forests, tall-grass mountainous meadows, lowland ling marshes and stony placers with lichen stains. In some places there are no large areas of homogeneous forests, rather they are forests with numerous glades and meadows of different size.

In the Ilmensky Mountains Reserve in the Southern Urals, scientists counted 927 vascular plants (50 relicts, 23 endemic species), about 140 moss species, 483 algae species and 566 mushroom species. Among the species included into the Red Book of Russia are feather grass, downy-leaved feather grass, Zalessky feather grass, moccasin flower, ladies'-slipper, neottianthe cucullata, Baltic orchis, fen orchis, helmeted orchis, dark-winged orchis, Gelma sandwart, Krasheninnikov sandwart, Clare astragalus.

The fauna of the vertebrate animals in the Reserve includes 19 fish, 5 amphibian and 5 reptile. Among the 48 mammal species are elks, roe deer, boars, foxes, wolves, lynxes, badgers, common weasels, least weasels, forest ferrets, Siberian striped weasel, common marten, American mink. Squirrels, beavers, muskrats, hares, dibblers, moles, hedgehogs, voles are quite common, as well as chiropterans: pond bat, water bat, Brandt's bat, whiskered bat, northern bat, long-eared bat, parti-coloured bat, Nathusius' pipistrelle. The 174 bird bird species include white-tailed eagles, honey hawks, boreal owls, gnome owls, hawk owls, tawny owls, common scoters, cuckoos, wookcocks, common grouses, wood grouses, hazel grouses, common partridges, shrikes, goldenmountain thrushes, black- throated loons and others.

Activities and Places in the Ural Mountains

The Urals possess beautiful natural scenery that can be accessed from Yekaterinburg with a rent-a-car, hired taxi and tour. Travel agencies arrange rafting, kayaking and hiking trips. Hikes are available in the taiga forest and the Urals. Trips often include walks through the taiga to small lakes and hikes into the mountains and excursions to collect mushrooms and berries and climb in underground caves. Mellow rafting is offered in a relatively calm six kilometer section of the River Serga. In the winter visitor can enjoy cross-mountains skiing, downhill skiing, ice fishing, dog sledding, snow-shoeing and winter hiking through the forest to a cave covered with ice crystals.

Lake Shartash (10 kilometers from Yekaterinburg) is where the first Ural gold was found, setting in motion the Yekaterinburg gold rush of 1745, which created so much wealth one rich baron of that time hosted a wedding party that lasted a year. The area around Shartash Lake is a favorite picnic and barbecue spot of the locals. Getting There: by bus route No. 50, 054 or 54, with a transfer to suburban commuter bus route No. 112, 120 or 121 (the whole trip takes about an hour), or by car (10 kilometers drive from the city center, 40 minutes).

Revun Rapids (90 kilometers road from Yekaterinburg near Beklenishcheva village) is a popular white water rafting places On the nearby cliffs you can see the remains of a mysterious petroglyph from the Paleolithic period. Along the steep banks, you may notice the dark entrance of Smolinskaya Cave. There are legends of a sorceress who lived in there. The rocks at the riverside are suited for competitive rock climbers and beginners. Climbing hooks and rings are hammered into rocks. The most fun rafting is generally in May and June.

Olenii Ruchii National Park (100 kilometers west of Yekaterinburg) is the most popular nature park in Sverdlovsk Oblast and popular weekend getaway for Yekaterinburg residents. Visitors are attracted by the beautiful forests, the crystal clear Serga River and picturesque rocks caves. There are some easy hiking routes: the six-kilometer Lesser Ring and the 15-kilometer Greater Ring. Another route extends for 18 km and passes by the Mitkinsky Mine, which operated in the 18th-19th centuries. It's a kind of an open-air museum — you can still view mining an enrichment equipment here. There is also a genuine beaver dam nearby.

Among the other attractions at Olenii Ruchii are Druzhba (Friendship) Cave, with passages that extend for about 500 meters; Dyrovaty Kamen (Holed Stone), created over time by water of Serga River eroding rock; and Utoplennik (Drowned Man), where you can see “The Angel of Sole Hope”., created by the Swedish artist Lehna Edwall, who has placed seven angels figures in different parts of the world to “embrace the planet, protecting it from fear, despair, and disasters.”

Image Sources: Wikimedia Commons

Text Sources: Federal Agency for Tourism of the Russian Federation (official Russia tourism website russiatourism.ru ), Russian government websites, UNESCO, Wikipedia, Lonely Planet guides, New York Times, Washington Post, Los Angeles Times, National Geographic, The New Yorker, Bloomberg, Reuters, Associated Press, AFP, Yomiuri Shimbun and various books and other publications.

Updated in September 2020

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RYA Yachtmaster Motor Exam Preparation Package – Theory & Practical Combined

An RYA Yachtmaster Certificate of Competence is often the ultimate aim of aspiring skippers. It is a well known, highly respected qualification worldwide, proving your experience and competence as a skipper.

Experience the excellence of Palma’s leading RYA sea school, specializing in Yachtmaster training for aspiring candidates worldwide!

Our exceptional track record of exam success, personalized pre and post-course training support, and glowing reviews have solidified our position as the leading choice for RYA training in Mallorca.

We have courses EVERY TWO WEEKS!!! If you aren´t seeing the dates you would like we are probably fully booked for those dates, however, we do have a waiting list in case anyone´s plans change. Get in touch to enquire!! [email protected], +34 662 330 493

Join students from across the globe and set sail towards your Yachtmaster dreams with confidence!

Learn to Motor Cruise at Palma Sea School

2.495 €

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What is the rya yachtmaster exam preparation package – theory & practical.

It is important to understand that within the RYA Sail and Motor Cruising scheme, there is NO Yachtmaster course. Like most schools we offer “Yachtmaster Exam Preparation Training”

To attend RYA Yachtmaster Motor training package we will expect that you already have ALL the prerequisites to be eligible for the exam (see below). You should already be an experienced skipper who can competently handle a boat under sail/power in close-quarter situations and at sea. You should have a depth of knowledge equivalent to the RYA Yachtmaster Theory Course and have applied this in a variety of situations during day and night passages.

Our two-week theoretical and practical training courses aim to perfect your abilities, improving and fine tuning the skills and knowledge you already have. We will assess your strengths and weaknesses and concentrate on improving the latter, to help prepare you for the exam by your independent RYA Yachtmaster examiner.

To be eligible for the Yachtmaster exam you must meet the prerequisite mileage/experience given below. You are not asked to prove your miles, but you will be asked to fill out a sea miles log that will be handed to the examiner before the exam. Without the minimum experience you will not be permitted to do the exam.

Whether you go for Sail or Motor depends on the experience you have as the miles and experience you present to the examiner must be on the same type of vessel as the discipline you’re going for (e.g. you can’t present miles on a sailing yacht if you’re hoping to achieve Yachtmaster Motor) .

Pre-requisites for the Yachtmaster Coastal exam are:

30 days at sea, 800 miles on vessels less than 24m LOA
2 days as skipper on vessels less than 24m LOA
12 night hours

Pre-requisites for the Yachtmaster offshore exam are:

50 days at sea, 2500 miles on yachts up to 500gt2
5 days as skipper on vessels less than 24m LOA
5 passages over 60 miles long which must include 2 overnight passages and 2 as skipper

For both of the above Yachtmaster Exams:

At least half the qualifying sea time must be gained in tidal waters.
All qualifying sea time must be within 10 years prior to the exam.
All sea time must be on vessels of the same discipline as the exam to be taken, i.e. Sail or Power

Our two-week packages start with a week of theory in our training centre. The theory course starts at 0845 hrs on a Monday and runs for 6 consecutive days.

In the second week , you’ll board one of our training yachts for five full days of practical training, Monday to Friday. (Sometimes Sunday – Thursday)

The practical exam will commence either on Friday or Saturday (depending on the examiner’s flights/weather conditions, and can run through until Monday).

(Please do not plan any ongoing travel arrangements until you’ve spoken with us; we can advise the time for the exam finish)

The course fee includes:

YM theory. 6-day course – (Includes course notes & materials)
YM practical prep, 5-day course.
Free use of the boat during the exam
Fuel for the duration of the course exam included.

Other Expenses:

The fee for the exam is not included. This is paid directly to the RYA and costs £231 for offshore and £200 for coastal.
Examiner expenses are not included. These are typically between 100€-200€ per student.
Accommodation is also not included, however, we are very centrally located on Palma´s Paseo Maritimo so there are lots of options nearby.

You will also need:

First Aid Certificate (in date)
VHF/SRC Certificate

If you don´t have these, they can be incorporated into your package, please ask us.

Commercial Endorsement

A commercial endorsement is required for work on board British flagged vessels subject to the MCA’s codes of practice for small commercial vessels.

Additional training courses and a medical fitness certificate are required to be eligible for a commercial endorsement.

Either an ENG1 or ML5 Medical
STCW or RYA Sea survival certificate
Complete the RYA’s online PPR Course

Once you have completed these three steps then you can apply for Commercial Endorsement through the RYA. It can take a few weeks for your certificate to arrive in the post, so plan ahead.

Please DO NOT book if you do not have the relevant experience for the exam. If you are found to not have the relevant experience and boat handling ability you will not be allowed to do the exam.

Course dates	23 September – 04 October 2024, 07 – 18 October 2024, 21 October – 01 November 2024, 04 – 15 November 2024, 18 – 29 November 2024, 02 – 13 December 2024, 13 – 24 January 2025, 27 January – 07 February 2025, 10 – 21 February 2025, 24 February – 07 March 2025, 10 – 21 March 2025, 24 March – 04 April 2025, 07 – 18 April 2025, 21 April – 02 May 2025, 05 – 16 May 2025, 19 – 30 May 2025, 02 – 13 June 2025

Course dates

23 September – 04 October 2024, 07 – 18 October 2024, 21 October – 01 November 2024, 04 – 15 November 2024, 18 – 29 November 2024, 02 – 13 December 2024, 13 – 24 January 2025, 27 January – 07 February 2025, 10 – 21 February 2025, 24 February – 07 March 2025, 10 – 21 March 2025, 24 March – 04 April 2025, 07 – 18 April 2025, 21 April – 02 May 2025, 05 – 16 May 2025, 19 – 30 May 2025, 02 – 13 June 2025

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The Yachtmaster Offshore exam will test all your skills gained throughout your journey including boat handling, general seamanship, navigation and the IRPCS. ... 07014 Palma de Mallorca. Facebook-f Twitter. Telephone. Tel: +34 662 330 493 Tel: +34 971 100 518. [email protected].
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12 night hours. Pre-requisites for the Yachtmaster offshore exam are: 50 days at sea, 2500 miles on yachts up to 500gt2. 5 days as skipper on vessels less than 24m LOA. 5 passages over 60 miles long which must include 2 overnight passages and 2 as skipper. For both of the above Yachtmaster Exams:
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Mile Building

RYA Requirements for Yachtmaster Offshore

Ways to Build Miles for the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Certification

1. Adventure through the Mediterranean and Atlantic while learning from the best instructors.

2. Pre-arranged courses through sailing schools.

3. Do-it-yourself adventures with friends.

4. Opportunities through crew websites.

5. Go along for the ride on other senior Yachtmaster courses.

6. Charter a yacht with a qualified skipper.

Which Are The Best Months To Sail Mallorca?

We are often asked how many people is the ideal number for a crew

Under the Sail: The Mechanics of Boat Movement

Types of Sails and How They are Used

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Travel Smart - Understanding Visa Rules for Sailors

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YEKATERINBURG: FACTORIES, URAL SIGHTS, YELTSIN AND THE WHERE NICHOLAS II WAS KILLED

Yekaterinburg

History of Yekaterinburg

Transportation in Yekaterinburg

Entertainment, Sports and Recreation in Yekaterinburg

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Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center

Where Nicholas II was Executed

Execution of Nicholas II

Nicholas II’s Initial Burial Site in Yekaterinburg

Near Yekaterinburg

Ural Mountains

Southern Urals

Activities and Places in the Ural Mountains

RYA Yachtmaster Motor Exam Preparation Package – Theory & Practical Combined

2.495 €

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