rya yachtmaster nz

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RYA INTERNATIONAL CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCE – (ICC)

What is the ICC?

The ICC (or to give it its full title International Certificate for Operators of Pleasure Craft) is a certificate which is intended to provide evidence of competence when requested by officials in foreign countries. It is sometimes known as the International Certificate of Competence.

The validity of the ICC is frequently misunderstood. The ICC is not the boating equivalent of the EU driving licence for road vehicles, which all EU member states are obliged to accept . The ICC’s validity is in fact determined by the visited country, so it is not a truly international qualification. It is nevertheless a valuable document when boating abroad as the ICC is the only international evidence of competence that exists for pleasure boaters in Europe.

ICC’s can be issued for the following:

  • Power Vessels Under 10m LOA
  • Power Vessels Over 10m LOA
  • Sailing Vessels
  • Coastal or Inland Waters

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RYA ICC HAndbook

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Harold Neal

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Alejandro Lawrence

Further reading on the icc, request a demo.

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Brush up on your theory, RYA Shorebased Courses from Day Skipper through to Ocean Theory.

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Take a practical course to upskill your self, or to conduct some exam preparation for the RYA Yachtmaster Exams.

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Route to RYA Yachtmaster (Power or Sail)

The Yachtmaster Certificate of Competence Exam can be taken in a powered or sail craft (i.e. there are two separate disciplines). Much of the route (the shorebased courses) is identical for both disciplines.

There are actually three levels of Yachtmaster ( Coastal, Offshore and Ocean). When people refer to “Yachtmaster” they are generally referring to Yachtmaster Offshore. This article focuses on Coastal and Offshore, our separate article, “ What is an Ocean Yachtmaster ” deals with the higher level of the three.

Yachtmaster-COC

The route to Yachtmaster Coastal and Offshore is similar, candidates for both will have followed a similar pathway, but the offshore candidate will have logged considerably more experience prior to exam and will be pushed harder during the exam. Visit our helpful RYA Advanced and Yachtmaster Qualifying mileage page for more information.

The route to Yachtmaster has several stepping stones, most students work through Day Skipper Shorebased and Day Skipper Practical and then Coastal Skipper , however if you already have relevant experience and skills you can consider skipping these courses.

Before considering embarking on a Yachtmaster practical week , you must arm yourself with;

  • Qualifying mileage (power or sail as appropriate)
  • RYA SRC (1 day) or
  • Higher level GMDSS Radio Certificate of Competence  (3-8 day)
  • RYA First Aid (1 day) or
  • STCW Elementary First Aid (1 day) or
  • STCW Medical First Aid (4 day) or
  • Seafish First Aid
  • RYA Coastal Skipper & Yachtmaster Offshore Shorebased (6 days or online)
  • Knowledge level to RYA Radar (1 day)
  • Knowledge level to RYA Diesel (1 day)

You are also strongly advised to take the RYA Sea Survival or STW PST Course (1 day), which is required if you intend to operate as a commercial Yachtmaster (most candidates take the exam for commercial reasons and add the RYA Commercial Endorsement however some are leisure boaters and do it for themselves).

Sea Survival PST

Our Yachtmaster practical (preparation and exam) week is 5 days, it takes place on board our motorboat and results in the Yachtmaster Coastal or Offshore (Power) Certificates of Competence . If you prefer to take the sail exam we can put you in touch with a sail school once you have all of the above shorebased courses. During the prep week our Instructor will take you through many of the exercises the examiner is likely to throw at you on the final day. We operate the prep week with a maximum of 3 students.

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RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor – Everything You Need To Know

Time6 to 48 hour exam (dependant on the number of people) after a potential prep course of up to 5 days
Prerequisites30 days spent at sea
800nm sailed, with at least 50% in tidal waters
12 night hours
2 days as skipper
Min. Age17
Exam6 hours to 2 days on the water
AimTo work commercially on a sailing vessel under 24m in length within 20nm of a harbour.

What Is the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor?

The RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor ticket is a highly useful and credible motor cruising qualification. Administered on behalf of the UK Maritime and Coastgaurd Agency by the RYA the qualification is accepted as a worldwide standard. To gain an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor qualification you must sit a practical exam. 

What Does the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Allow You to Do?

Gaining an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor will allow you to work commercially on small motor vessels.

The RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor exam certifies that you are competent to skipper a motor yacht on coastal voyages within 20nm of a harbour. 

How Can You Sit an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Exam?

The exam can be organised via the RYA to be done on your own vessel or via an RYA training centre, to be done on an RYA training vessel. It should be noted, that to complete the exam on your own vessel, your vessel must be up to an appropriate safety standard.

Most RYA training centres offering the RYA Cruising Scheme offer some form of pre exam preparation or coaching for those looking to take an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor exam.

These courses are often referred to as ‘RYA Yachtmaster Prep’ courses. This is unique within the RYA training framework in that it does not have a fixed course syllabus, length or course completion certificate.

Who Can Do an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Exam?

The RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor exam is open to anyone who meets the minimum criteria, with all experience within the last 10 years.

  • 17 years of age or older
  • 30 days spent at sea
  • 800nm cruised, with at least 50% in tidal waters
  • 12 night hours
  • 2 days as skipper

If you have exceeded all of the above by large margins, then the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Motor exam might be for you.

If you have the miles, but not the skippering experience, it is suggested that you charter a vessel in order to gain the skippering experience.

Additionally, exam candidates must also hold a relevant GMDSS VHF certification and an RYA First Aid certificate or recognised equivalent.

Can You Go Straight to the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Course and Exam?

You can indeed jump straight into the RYA Cruising Scheme at this stage, however, it is imperative that you understand the levels that are required of you, both in your knowledge and practical skills.

It is suggested that as a minimum you have completed (and passed) the RYA Coastal Skipper and Yachtmaster Theory course as the knowledge in here is both required for you to be at the level required, but will be formally tested during your RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor exam, both orally and in practical applications.

What Do You Need to Know before Attending a Course and Exam?

You, of course, need to be a suitably experienced skipper and this involves meeting the prerequisites mentioned above to be eligible. You should be able to handle your vessel competently in close quarters and at sea. You should be comfortable applying this in various day and night time passages.

As mentioned, it is strongly recommended to have completed the RYA Coastal and Yachtmaster Theory as the depth of knowledge gained from this shore based course will be tested throughout your exam. 

If you are looking for aa sailing equivalent course then you want RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Sail course .

How Long Does an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Prep Course and Exam Take?

The exam itself can take anything from 6 hours to 2 days depending on how many candidates are being examined on one vessel at a time. Up to 4 candidates can sit the exam at once and this would last for a maximum of 48 hours if so.

An RYA Yachtmaster Prep course is generally four and a half days long and is usually directly followed by the practical exam.

Is There a Set Syllabus?

No, this is the one time that while there is a recognised ‘course’, there is no syllabus. It is up to the experienced instructor on the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Prep course to tailor the learnings to your needs. This is more about refining your skills rather than teaching new ones.

You should be honest with yourself and your instructor in order for learnings throughout the week to be tailored to improve yourself on any weak areas that you may have.

What Should I Expect from an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Prep Course?

These courses run as a standalone course and while there may be students on another course, generally everyone onboard is a candidate for an RYA Yachtmaster Exam. The courses should however be run with no more than 4 students on board.

The content will depend on the needs of all students and is aimed at fine-tuning existing skills rather than teaching new ones. This will involve a lot of night time cruising and navigation, carrying out challenging boat handling while using theory knowledge and ensuring general skippering skills are up to scratch.

There is a basic syllabus that is used to help shape the exam content, but in reality, you can be tested on anything from the RYA cruising scheme within the exam.

Before choosing the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Prep course you need to be honest with yourself and your own abilities. While on the course you need to take on the advice and guidance given by the instructor on what areas need work. If you speak to your instructor before the course, they can tailor the instruction to your needs.

RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Prep Course could be suitable for seafarers looking to work on workboats like this.

What Should I Expect on an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Exam?

On the exam, you will be given the opportunity to demonstrate your knowledge and competence. You will be expected to take full responsibility for your vessel and crew. The examiner will be looking for you to demonstrate competence and show your broad range of experience.

The exam will be an intensive experience and even when you are not the designated skipper, you will still be asked questions and observed and examined as a participant of the crew.

During the exam you will be asked to complete various tasks, ranging from leaving the dock, skippering a short passage, casualty recovery, night pilotage and even blind navigation. Additionally, you will be tested on theoretical aspects such as how to deal with an engine failure, knowledge of your vessel’s stability, meteorology and IRPCS.

As a potential RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor, these tasks are ones that should now be second nature to you and should take minimal time to plan while the theoretical knowledge should be able to roll off your tongue. 

What Is the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Exam Syllabus?

The following topics make up the basis for the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor exam syllabus. IRPCS, safety, boat handling, seamanship, responsibility as skipper, navigation, meteorology and signals.

But, as mentioned above, anything from the whole RYA cruising syllabus scheme can be tested.

What Is the Cost of an RYA Yachtmaster Course and Exam?

As ever, many schools differ in price. We would recommend that you take a look around at the various options and find what suits your needs the best. Cheapest is not often better.

This can range from knowing if you will have to share a cabin while onboard to whether food and berthing charges are included to how many other students you will be sharing your week with.

The exam fee is usually not included, which is currently £208.

Where Should I Do My RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor?

As always there are many thoughts and pros and cons on this, and as a potential RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor, you should consider yourself experienced enough to sit the exam anywhere. However, if you choose to sit the exam in an area that you are familiar with then you will take a lot of the stress out of learning a new area and start with a small advantage of having that all important local knowledge at your disposal.

What Happens If I Struggle on the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor Prep Course?

Your instructor should be able to update you on your ability levels throughout the course. They will be highly experienced and it is suggested that you listen to their advice given.

If you are learning something for the first time you should consider if you are ready for the exam. Talk to your instructor and they will be able to guide you on if you are ready for the exam or if they would advise further training.

What Is the Pass Mark for the RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Exam?

There is no pass mark as such and the examiner will be looking to see that you are a competent and complete skipper, capable of looking after both your vessel and crew in a safe manner.

Every exam is different and no examiner will be setting out to fail any candidates, but they must ensure and check that each candidate is able to demonstrate their ability, knowledge and skills in a safe and timely manner.

If you were to fail to reach the levels of an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor certificate of competence then the examiner will give you a thorough debrief complete with action points to work on before you have another attempt at the exam. 

What Comes after RYA Yachtmaster Coastal?

After completion of the exam, you will have gained the credible achievement of an RYA Yachtmaster Coastal Motor certificate of competence and you can get this commercially endorsed by adding a sea survival certification, a personal medical and a PPR course, all of which, along with your GMDSS VHF and First Aid should be sent off to the RYA for certification upgrade. This will now allow the holder to skipper a vessel commercially, in coastal waters, up to 20nm from a harbour.

The next step is of course to get out on the water and to keep learning, keep gaining experience and keep improving on the skills and knowledge learned so far. No skipper is the finished article and we should all keep seeking to improve.

Once you have gained more experience, knowledge, mileage and time on the water it will be time to progress to the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Motor exam.

Releated Posts

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RYA Yachtmaster Ocean Theory – Everything You Need to Know

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RYA Yachtmaster Offshore Motor – Everything You Need to Know

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  • Certificates of Competence

Arranging your exam

You can arrange your exam in a number of ways. here's our helpful guide on everything you need to know..

Before arranging an exam, please make sure you read through the requirements for your intended examination . Once read, confirm that you satisfy the requirements and only book when ready to proceed.

Exams in the UK

You can book your exam through your nearest RYA Recognised Training centre, by using the links below. Just click ‘Change your selection’ to enter your specific location:

Centres able to arrange Yachtmaster exams

Centres able to arrange Powerboat Advanced exams

Requesting an examiner

You can also request an examiner for specific dates in the UK by clicking on the links below. Please allow a minimum of 10 working days for an examiner to be allocated to you. Whilst we will do our best to meet your request, we cannot guarantee an examiner will be available in your location or on the date you have requested. If you are arranging a Yachtmaster Coastal or Offshore exam outside of the framework of an RYA Recognised Training Centre, you will need to provide a suitable vessel and crew.  

Request an Advanced Powerboat, Yachtmaster Coastal or Yachtmaster Offshore exam

Request a Yachtmaster Ocean exam

Exams outside the UK

Exams outside the UK must be organised through an RYA training centre recognised for practical cruising courses or advanced powerboat courses (as appropriate). To find your nearest centre please use the links below, click ‘Change your selection’ to refine your search by location.

Yachtmaster exams

Powerboat Advanced

Exams in New Zealand

For details of exams and fees in New Zealand, please contact Coastguard Boating Education on [email protected]

Prior to your exam

Ensure you have completed an application form. In most cases this should be done through the online exam payment service. This produces a pre-populated application form where you can complete the additional pore-requisite information. However, if your exam is being paid by your training centre on their RYA account, please ensure you complete the appropriate exam application form below, with the centre name and account number. This form can also be used by those wishing to pay by cheque.

Application for an Advanced Powerboat, Yachtmaster Coastal or Yachtmaster Offshore exam

Application for a Yachtmaster Ocean exam

Cancellations

If you decide to cancel your exam, please directly contact the Training Centre you booked with or your examiner. If you booked your exam via the online service and have not yet been provided with the examiners contact details but wish to cancel, please contact [email protected] .

Exam requirements

Please make sure you read the full requirements before booking your exam:

  • Advanced Powerboat  exam requirements
  • Yachtmaster Coastal   exam requirements
  • Yachtmaster Offshore  exam requirements
  • Yachtmaster Ocean  exam requirements
  • Conversion  exam requirements

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  Select Post Deselect Post Link to Post Member Give Gift Back to Top said:Peeps, i have a NZ yachtmaster Qualification done in 2001 via NZ Coastgaurd.
I just got a new plastic ( photo ID) warrant card from NZC and was going to get a ICC fir sailing in europe when i realisd that the Ycchtmaster qual via NZC is not a RYA one? Or is it?

Before i approach the NZC? Are they transferable or do i have to get a seperate RYA yachtmasters cert.?

Thanks Anything from NZ CG doesn't even touch the sides of a RYA qualification, specifically RYA Yachtmaster.

NZ CG only do a Boatmaster, (especially from 2001), which is just a few nightclasses. More of an introductory warm up on how to read a chart.

I have RYA Yachtmaster (Full) and RYA Yachtmaster Ocean (theory) (and NZ CG Boatmaster incidentally).

Boatmaster is possibly equivalent to RYA Competent Crew, or maybe Day Skipper.

RYA Yachtmaster requires logged sea miles (I can't remember how many, but a fair few, including overnight and multi-day voyages) a week of on-water training and an on water examination, all after getting the theory qualification. If I remember correctly you also need RYA Radio Operator and RYA Sea Survival as pre-requisites to get the full Yachtmaster qualification.

But the extension of all that, an RYA Yachtmaster is well OTT for getting an ICC for Europe sailing. Are you wanting to Charter in Europe? Is that why you need the paperwork? My understanding with ICC is you just need to show you can get a charter boat out of and back into its berth, but because I had all the RYA quals I never went through that process.

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  Select Post Deselect Post Link to Post Member Give Gift Back to Top said:I thought all NZC’s advanced sailing courses are effectively RYA courses. And that NZ-era are now eligible to apply for European ICCs. So it sounds like you should have everything you need for a direct issue. The only caveat with that is that Hugh did his NZ C qualification way back in 2001.
Coast Guard have likely lifted their game since then.

I wouldn't be surprised if Hugh will need to re-do a qualification to make sure it's relevant. Possibly easiest just to do the CG's ICC course. I would say the first step is to confirm with CG Boating Education for cross over from 2001.

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supplying another certificate as evidence of competence. RYA Training Centres will charge for their time and use
of a training vessel (if required) to conduct the assessment, and any training you may require beforehand.
ICCs incur a admin/processing/certificate fee of $95.00 - payable to CBE.
Holders of certificates accepted as evidence of competence can apply direct to CBE. All applicant requiring an
assessment should apply through an RYA Training Centre.

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  Select Post Deselect Post Link to Post Member Give Gift Back to Top said:Sorry, not 2001, 2009 Yacht Master.

All I'm after is A ICC for Europe sailing

Its required for sailing your own boat as well as charter.

I understand that having a RYA cert will suffice? I'm not following your question now.
Do you have an RYA Yachtmaster that you got via Coastguard Boating Education?

If this is the case, it easily covers ICC.
RYA dictate the syllabus, there are loads of certified training organisations globally, normally sailing schools, but Coastguard Boating Education is one. So even if you did the qual via NZ Coastguard, it is still an RYA qualification.

Noting there is a big difference between CG Boatmaster and RYA Yachtmaster (hence my earlier comments)

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  Select Post Deselect Post Link to Post Member Give Gift Back to Top said:Does my 1976 yatchmaster's count for anything??? Probably not.
I mean, you'd have to do an update module on how to navigate without charts, a compass or a sextant.
Was that before auxiliary engines were invented? You might need to do a module on diesel engine maintenance and operation
And a module on what modern yacht materials are, assuming 1976 was carvel planked wood and hemp rope, you'd need to get up to speed on how to splice a UhMPE-LGBQ+ brace
Oh, and you'd definitely have to do a module on diversity and inclusion, and crew mental well-being. You just can't chuck a drunken sailor in a longboat till he's sober anymore...

Full Member


via mobile   Select Post Deselect Post Link to Post Member Give Gift Back to Top said: said:Sorry, not 2001, 2009 Yacht Master.

All I'm after is A ICC for Europe sailing

Its required for sailing your own boat as well as charter.

I understand that having a RYA cert will suffice? I'm not following your question now.
Do you have an RYA Yachtmaster that you got via Coastguard Boating Education?

If this is the case, it easily covers ICC.
RYA dictate the syllabus, there are loads of certified training organisations globally, normally sailing schools, but Coastguard Boating Education is one. So even if you did the qual via NZ Coastguard, it is still an RYA qualification.

Noting there is a big difference between CG Boatmaster and RYA Yachtmaster (hence my earlier comments)
sorry .. I have a CG yachtmaster with no RYA noted on it. Can I ask the CG for an RYA endorsement?.. and thus get ICC?

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  Select Post Deselect Post Link to Post Member Give Gift Back to Top said: said:I'm not following your question now.
Do you have an RYA Yachtmaster that you got via Coastguard Boating Education?

If this is the case, it easily covers ICC.
RYA dictate the syllabus, there are loads of certified training organisations globally, normally sailing schools, but Coastguard Boating Education is one. So even if you did the qual via NZ Coastguard, it is still an RYA qualification.

Noting there is a big difference between CG Boatmaster and RYA Yachtmaster (hence my earlier comments) sorry .. I have a CG yachtmaster with no RYA noted on it. Can I ask the CG for an RYA endorsement?.. and thus get ICC? I have never heard of a CG Yachtmaster.
It is not listed under the CG Boating Education qualifications.

There is Boatmaster, which is a theory course and wont accredit to ICC.
There is the RYA Yachtmaster that definitely covers ICC.

Short story, if there was a practical component to your yachtmaster I'd say it will accredit to ICC. So if you did an on water assessment or on water training with an instructor I think you'd be fine.
If it was only theory it wont.

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rya yachtmaster nz

Yachting Monthly

  • Digital edition

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How to pass your Yachtmaster Practical Exam

  • Theo Stocker
  • August 22, 2024

Theo Stocker is put through his paces on an RYA Yachtmaster Offshore prep week, before taking the exam itself. Find out how he got on

rya yachtmaster nz

The RYA Yachtmaster Offshore has long been the qualification that cruising yacht sailors, both amateur and professional, have aspired to. Quite aside from the fact that it is the gateway to working in the yachting industry if the desire so takes you, it is good to know that you have mastered the sweep of skills and experience necessary for you to be deemed competent at skippering a sailing yacht.

I’ve wanted to test myself and see if I was up to scratch for years, and I finally got the courage up to put my skills under the spotlight earlier this summer. I was going to be taking the test with my friend Andrew, as we’d been talking about doing our Yachtmaster for two decades.

Last month I shared my experience of preparing for a Yachtmaster exam to get our rusty skills and knowledge back up to standard, and to check that there weren’t any major holes in our repertoire. Now that the RYA Yachtmaster scheme has turned 50, we were also interested to see how things have changed with technology.

Things like chartplotters and mobile internet have made some areas massively easier, but bring their own challenges, and in the first part, we discovered that navigating these systems and knowing what information to trust requires just as many skills and as much judgement as the old methods.

If anything, they also bring more opportunity for distraction from the real world with plenty of potential for making navigationally serious mistakes. The standard for passing the RYA Yachtmaster Offshore exam is just as demanding as it ever was.

Having looked at safety briefs, marina boat handling, navigation and pilotage, it was now time to move onto boat handling under sail, the more critical safety manoeuvres, as well as some of the softer skills involved in skippering a crew. The exam was looming…

rya yachtmaster nz

The Yachtmaster crew (L-R): Matt Sillars, Andrew Eastham, Row Staples, Theo Stocker

Skippering the boat

Part of the reason for having our supercrew, Row, on board for the prep week was that it’s all well and good sailing solo, but a skipper needs to be able to lead and manage a crew safely, and ideally create an atmosphere on board that is harmonious, effective and enjoyable, striking the right balance between being clearly in control, facilitating everyone to play their part, and enjoying life at sea.

A huge part of this is around good, early communication in the inevitable form of briefings. Now, this isn’t patronisingly sitting everyone down and telling them to do things they are totally capable of doing, but of communicating what you want to happen, before it happens.

Briefings can be brief and on-the-go, as long as they are clear and you are confident your crew understand. It also demands some degree of foresight and competence on your part – if you haven’t anticipated something, you can’t brief for it. Whether it’s leaving a berth, setting sail or fighting a fire, everyone having a job and being equipped with the skills to do their jobs should engender a satisfying sense of competence and achievement for everyone involved.

Article continues below…

rya yachtmaster nz

How to prepare for your Yachtmaster Offshore exam

Many very competent and highly experienced yachtsmen and women don’t have any qualifications at all and are content to keep…

Andrew and I were struck by how much we’re both used to just getting on and doing stuff on our own boats, either by ourselves, or without making sure the crew know what we’re thinking. Talking out loud was a helpful habit during the week. In marina manoeuvres, we tried to warn crew on the foredeck that we were about to turn, or go astern, so as not to unbalance them, and our coming alongsides were a lot smoother when everyone knew what order to get the lines across in.

rya yachtmaster nz

Make sure there’s cake and coffee – especially during your exam

Soft skills

Whether you’re sailing with strangers you’ve never met before, or with your family who know your flaws only too well and are occasionally good enough to point these out to you, managing interpersonal relationships on board is a skill that’s hard to teach but critical to a safe and happy crew. The more competent and in control you feel, the easier this will be, and thinking ahead will help you keep your stress levels down.

Under the eye of an instructor or examiner, we were of course on our best behaviour. It helped that all of us genuinely enjoyed our time on board and each other’s company, but thinking through what your crew may be feeling or thinking will help. Swallow your pride and do some of the jobs others might not enjoy.

As long as the boat is under control and you’ve got some capacity, make everyone a cup of tea and offer the choccy round. Give people things to do, but let them rest when they need a break too. Make sure they’ve all got suncream on. Keeping an eye on their wellbeing isn’t always easy when you’re nervous, stressed, or don’t quite know where you are.

rya yachtmaster nz

Briefings can be informal, as long as your crew is clear about what’s happening and what to do

Command and safety

At the same time, you are responsible for keeping the boat safe. There will be times when you need to make it clear who is in charge, and what you are and are not happy with on board. Andrew and I are used to scampering around a boat, but reminding each other to clip on before going forward for a man overboard, or finding a safe way to adjust the mainsail leech line was a useful reminder to err on the side of caution. Demonstrate that you can pre-empt risks and avoid or mitigate for them.

Boat husbandry and housekeeping

Serious problems on board are more likely if you don’t keep on top of the little things. We worked hard to make sure the boat was in a good state during the week; tidy the galley up and stow the crockery before you set sail, coil the halyards and lines away once you’ve finished reefing. A snake’s wedding in the cockpit is going to lead to jammed lines and tangled feet. If you’re happy with the picture of where the boat is and how she’s sailing, look around you to make sure the details are right too.

rya yachtmaster nz

Shout man overboard and point at the casualty. Crash tack to stop the boat

Man overboard

Man overboard is just about one of the most serious events that can happen on board a cruising yacht at sea. Getting them out of the water as quickly as possible is of paramount importance. When I last did a sailing course nearly two decades ago, the drills were the same as they’ve always been – choose whether you want to get back to the MOB under sail or engine, do your manoeuvre, then fish out the fender and bucket with a boathook.

I’ve spent some time for the magazine testing not only the sequence of actions in this manouevre but how you then actually get the casualty out of the water, and was chastened by just how hard it really is to lift a dead-weight casualty from the water onto deck, especially if they are incapacitated.

I was encouraged, therefore, that the RYA’s approach to MOB training has moved on, breaking it down into three areas: preventing man overboard in the first place, getting back to the casualty, and getting them out of the water.

The usual points of minimising time on deck, clipping on in rough weather or when alone on deck, only going forward on the windward side, and all the other precautions, are something to drill into your crew, and as skipper, it’s important to ensure a safe culture on board.

rya yachtmaster nz

You can still practise with a fender, but getting back to it is only half the job

Man overboards are no longer taught exclusively under sail. Yes, we practised sailing back to a fender in the water, but this should only ever be as a backup to the fastest and most reliable way to get to your MOB, and on boats with engines, that is under power.

The order in which we did the drill during our training was as follows:

  • Raise the alarm – Shout man overboard and point at the casualty.
  • Stop the boat – Stop the boat by crash-tacking to heave to, and ensure crew don’t release the sheets. At this point you are close to the MOB and under control.
  • Mark the mob – Throw in the horseshoe and danbuoy, then allocate someone to point at the MOB. At this stage you should also be able to communicate with them.
  • Make a distress call – Someone can then go below to hit the VHF DSC distress button and to mark the MOB on the plotter, but don’t bother with a voice Mayday call at this point – it’s too slow unless you have a large crew.
  • Start the engine – Check the lines are clear, start the engine, furl the jib and centre the main.
  • Prepare for recovery – As you motor round, the crew can get the MOB recovery kit ready – a grab bag in the cockpit locker contained a 6:1 handy billy with a sling already attached.
  • Rig the handy billy – The handy billy is hoisted on a spinnaker halyard, and guyed forwards to stop it swinging – we used the spinnaker pole downhaul, but a clip to the shroud might also work. The tail can be taken to a primary winch via a turning block if extra power is needed. Before crew go forward, they should clip on to prevent a second MOB, so have tethers in the bag too.
  • Depower the main – Once downwind of the MOB, come onto a close reach and the main can be eased out with the deck crew forward of the shroud, and if a topping lift is fitted, scandalise the boom to keep it clear of heads. If you’ve got lazy jacks, you could drop the main, but don’t drop the main onto deck where everyone will be working.
  • Approach and attach – As you come to the MOB, aim upwind and drift down. A loop of rope can be thrown over the casualty, which will be easier than trying to catch them with a flimsy boathook.
  • Hoist them aboard – Get them to put the sling on if they can, or use the loop of rope secured to the handy billy to hoist them. A floating loop of line pre-attached to their lifejacket, like the MOB Lifesaver, would also speed things up here. If they’ve not been in the water long, and you’re only doing a short lift, focus on getting them out of the water rather than keeping them horizontal.

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Stop the boat by crash-tacking to heave to without easing the sheets. You should then be stopped, under control and close to the MOB

Practise alongside

It’s a highly informative process to try out this last part whilst alongside in the marina, with the ‘casualty’ a real person lying on the pontoon. While they would be wet, heavier and needing lifting further in real life, this is a very safe and controlled way of practising with your system and adjusting it until everyone is happy they know what to do.

Having done this exercise now, I am keen to do a full man overboard drill at the start of every season and at the start of every trip so that everyone on board knows what to do – it is this practice that is the deciding factor in whether you can get an MOB back or not.

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Once you’re used to lassoing, it’s almost easier than using a boat hook

Manoeuvres under sail – picking up a fender

Sailing back to a fender is a good skill to have, were your engine to fail during a MOB – a line wrapping around the prop, for example – or just to get back to a favourite hat or fender that’s gone overboard. It’s like sailing onto a mooring, but easier in many ways without having to factor in the tide.

The basic principle is that you want to approach on a close reach with enough space to slow down and arrive under control, able to spill all the power from the main. There are two slight variations in that you can bear away on a broad reach to start with as you sail away from the fender, or you can reach away, then dip downwind after the tack. If you do the latter, the dip down will need to be a significant bear away.

As you’ll be sending crew forward to the shrouds, you’ll still need to furl the jib and scandalise the main on your final approach. I managed to get myself confused once or twice and went to put the fender on the windward bow like a mooring, which isn’t going to work.

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Picking up a mooring under sail is a satisfying skill to master. Put the buoy on your windward bow so it doesn’t drag you into a gybe

Mooring under sail

There are a few manoeuvres that everyone should be able to do. While you may rarely sail onto a mooring buoy, knowing how to do so is a good skill to have should you have engine trouble or just for showing off. At the same time, it’s a good indicator of a sailor’s feel for the boat and how it will respond to the elements.

When approaching into wind and tide together, our Jeanneau Sun Odyssey 37 from 2008 had a fairly shallow forefoot, so as soon as our speed dropped off, the bow tended to pay off quickly.

You don’t want a flogging genoa over the crew on the foredeck either, so furling the genoa away is a good option, but you will sail slower and with more leeway, so need to be slightly higher upwind than you first anticipate.

With wind and tide opposed, you would clearly approach under genoa alone, but with wind and tide at roughly right angles, you’ll need to judge which approach is needed. There were two factors that caught us out a couple of times, interestingly more important in lighter airs.

The first is that as the boat slows down the tide becomes proportionally more important, and secondly, at the same time apparent wind will decrease and move aft, further filling the mainsail. The lesson was to prepare for a wind-against-tide approach much more readily than we might otherwise have done.

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You may find yourself having to sail back into harbour with engine problems.

Sailing onto a pontoon

You are unlikely ever to sail into a marina finger berth and I wouldn’t advise trying. You may, however, find yourself having to sail back into harbour with engine problems. While a Pan Pan call is pretty ubiquitous these days, a Yachtmaster should be able to deal with engine problems at sea, and if not, to sail themselves back into harbour rather than depending on being rescued.

Most harbours will have a pontoon or berth with a relatively open approach, and it’s reasonable to expect to be able to sail onto it. The calculation of which approach to use is much the same as for picking up moorings under sail, though with other boats around and a solid pontoon to hit, the consequences of getting it wrong are higher. Handling a boat in confined waters means you’ll need to keep control at low speeds, and be thinking ahead about escape routes if it’s not going according to plan.

For us, sailing on the mid-river pontoon opposite Warsash at the bottom of the Hamble river offered a good open approach, and just enough wind to get away with a wind-and-tide together approach, though a genoa-only approach may have been safer.

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A properly guyed pole is a more seaworthy setup than just clipping the pole onto the sheet

Sailing downwind

The dangers of a crash gybe are well known, particularly from the mainsheet and boom scything across the boat, with a high potential to damage both crew and boat. I had sailed a bit close to a gybe with the jib collapsing earlier in the week, and when I had intentionally gybed, I hadn’t fully centred the main.

Although no harm was done, the boom did clatter across noisily. Matt gave a stern warning about the dim view an examiner would take of this – a potential instant fail – and we agreed that looking at rigging for downwind legs would be worthwhile, including both preventer and poling out the genoa.

Rigging a preventer

Rigging a preventer is relatively straightforward. We chose the longest, strongest line we had on board in the form of a spinnaker sheet. This was led from the end of the boom, where it was secured with a round turn and two half hitches – both a strong knot and easily released under load – then forward outside everything to the bow fairlead, and then aft to a cockpit winch.

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It takes a little bit of rigging, but if the result is a much safer and more manoeuvrable setup, then it’s worth doing, even on relatively short legs

When poling out a headsail in the past, I’ve always set the pole using the pole uphaul and downhaul then clipped the sheet into the end then unfurled the headsail. This works fine in settled conditions for short legs clear of shipping. Were you to need to gybe, change course, or furl away the headsail quickly, however, it would leave you with the dangerous proposition of a loose, heavy pole potentially swinging freely on the foredeck that also prevents you sheeting the sail in for an upwind course without first unclipping it from the pole.

Coming up with a solution

Matt set us the task of rigging the pole in such a way that it could be locked in position whether the sail was set or not, and that the headsail could be sheeted in for upwind sailing without going forward to unrig the pole. After a bit of head scratching, we found a solution.

The pole could be held in position by the pole uphaul, the downhaul, which served to pull the pole forwards and down, and an additional aft guy, which was an extra line taken from the pole end to the aft mooring cleat. We attached a third sheet, in the form of a spinnaker sheet, to the jib’s clew, through the pole, and aft to a spinnaker block at the stern and then onto a primary winch.

The result was that chafe was minimised, the pole could be locked in position whether the sail was set or not, and if we did need to gybe or sail upwind, the normal jib sheets still had a proper lead, albeit the pole would need to be held aft and the headsail with a couple of reefs to keep it clear of the pole.

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With examiner Andy Wright aboard, the exam was finally underway

The day of the exam

The exam starts a day or two before the examiner turns up, in that he or she may want to see a passage plan you’ve prepared in advance. If this is the case, the examiner will have passed the information to you via the school providing the training.

It’s best to do this two or three days before the exam so you haven’t got a last-minute panic, but not too far in advance that you’ve forgotten the sums you’ve done and why you made the choices you did. I was set a passage from Bembridge to St Vaast on the Cherbourg peninsula, giving me a potentially fiddly drying harbour at either end, though the forecast given was a conveniently favourable Westerly Force 4-5. With passage plan complete, and some last-minute swotting up on lights, shapes and sounds, Andrew and I retired for an early night.

After the windless drizzle of the day before, Friday dawned bright and breezy with a forecast of a good Force 5 from the southwest and plenty of sunshine – enough that we’d have to be on our toes, but at least something we could get our teeth into. Matt had reassured us that making mistakes wasn’t the end of the world during the exam, if we showed competence in getting ourselves back on track.

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Andrew gives the crew an on-deck safety briefing, including the MOB recovery kit

Minor mistakes are to be expected and it’s more important how you respond to your own mistake. The only sorts of things that would probably be an outright fail, other than flunking our lights and shapes, are safety critical things such as a collision, running aground, an inability to navigate and pilot, or an uncontrolled gybe.

We were joined at 0900 by our examiner Andy Wright, an RYA Yachtmaster instructor trainer, examiner and centre inspector, an MCA Master 200 who works as an RNLI area lifesaving manager and who also volunteers with the Rona sailing project. There’d be no ‘getting away with it’ here.

We began the day with a coffee and chat, and Andy spent some time asking about our reasons for taking the exam, before laying out what he would be looking for. ‘I’m not going to be trying to catch anyone out, but what I want to see you demonstrate is that you can skipper the boat, navigate the boat, handle the boat under power and handle the boat under sail.’

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Andrew talks examiner Andy through his pre-prepared passage plan

The safety briefings

We began, as we had with our prep week, with safety briefs, with Andy and I splitting above and below decks.

With the engine bay open, Andy took time to probe our knowledge of engine troubleshooting, asking us to point out various parts of the engine, the different significance of blue, black or white smoke from the exhaust (incomplete combustion, burning oil and overheating, by the way), and how to change filters, impellers and belts and how to bleed the fuel.

On deck, we were asked to explain when and why each kind of flare would be used. None of it felt overly pressured, but it was certainly an in-depth examination of our knowledge.

During the day, these conversations continued as he drew information out of us in areas that were not being practically demonstrated on the day – 15-20 minutes on lights, shapes, sounds and collision avoidance, including how we’d handle different scenarios in traffic separation schemes.

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Andrew points out where the MOB handy billy and sling is during his safety brief

He asked us to talk through our passage plans, and then went further to see whether we knew if the boat we were on was legally allowed to do so, and what the administrative and immigration requirements would be on either side of the Channel – a tricky one given the ongoing chaos and confusion that surrounds small boat crossings these days.

Being tested underway

In between these chats, we got underway. First with our marina manoeuvres in and out of a selection of increasingly tricky berths, putting the boat into positions that we might not have chosen, including a berth two space into a gulley with a yacht moored either side of the space and a boat opposite. Ferry gliding in bows-first wasn’t too tricky, but with wind and tide pushing us on, getting out again was harder. I opted to use prop walk to pull the stern out against a bow line – slightly unconventional, and it needed a bit of oomph to keep our bows clear, but I got away without a collision.

We then had half an hour or so to each prepare a short passage plan and pilotage from each end, this time from Hamble to Portsmouth and back. As these weren’t Andrew’s home waters, he was relieved that I was going first.

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Navigating the boat, piloting into Portsmouth, and recovering a MOB kept Theo on his toes

I know Portsmouth well, but hadn’t been in for a while. With a plan complete, Andy asked me to explain the route I’d chosen. While I had the route in the chartplotter, I’d picked waypoints near easy-to-find buoys so I could see I was in the right place from the cockpit, and I’d elected not to cut the corner over the shallows off Hill Head to keep us clear of a lee shore.

I’d also have to use the Outer Swashway on the way in, as we’d be close to low water and lacking depth by about 0.3m to get in via the Inner Swashway.

Emergency on passage

Underway, and with Row on the wheel, I had decisions to make about how many reefs to put in, and I was torn between sailing the boat properly and being overly cautious. Starting with one reef, with the breeze creeping upwards, life was comfier with two reefs in. I had to stop myself from any gung-ho attempts to tighten leech lines, electing for a quick heave-to to sort them out. Coffees needed to keep on flowing during the passage, and lunchtime was upon us before I knew it.

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We needed to devise a rock-solid passage plan

While the pasties were heating in the oven, there was time for a fix on the chart, or would have been had the fender not fallen overboard. We went through our drill and I was relieved to get back to the MOB first go. Andrew and Row looked at me to see if we were doing ‘the whole thing’ and as Andy hadn’t flinched, we rigged the handy billy, attached the fender to the sling and hauled away until it was safely aboard – it’s a complex process that really does need practice, but it had gone well.

A sense of relief

Once safely in Portsmouth Harbour, it was my turn to find and pick up a mooring buoy under sail. Tied up and handing over skippering duty to Andrew for his turn in the hot seat, I suddenly felt a wave of relief that my passage, pilotage and handling seemed to have gone okay. It was only early afternoon, however, and we wouldn’t be finished until we’d done our night navigation.

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There was a fresh breeze from the southwest for the passage to Portsmouth

Andrew’s passage went well, too, in a building breeze that was more on the nose on the way back, while I was below wrestling with getting a tray of meatballs and sauce into a wildly swinging oven. I’m ashamed to say that when it was Andrew’s turn at MOB, despite a flawless approach, I messed up the lasso and missed the fender. Sorry, friend.

Night navigation

By the time we were back on a mooring inside Calshot Spit it was time for dinner and a brief respite, before plunging on into our night nav exercises.

Much like earlier in the week, we were asked to navigate to unmarked locations and Andy gave us a bit of time to prepare these. While we were doing this, he also checked our knowledge of how the radar worked for collision avoidance and for navigation, and how to extract relevant information from both the chartplotter and the AIS.

My night nav began well, using multiple sources of position information as requested, and just about making sense of my hastily drawn sketch and notes, looking for the characteristics of particular lights (you’ll need to know how quick VQ compared to just Q really is) and using the radar to plot our course.

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Andrew plots a visual fix as the sun starts to set

As it was top of the tide, however, every ship in Southampton seemed determined to set sail, including the maiden voyage of the Queen Mary cruise liner with attendant tugs, police launches and party boats following behind. Cowering at the side of the channel, my plan was thrown into disarray and I lost the plot on radar, and we were blinded by disco balls and oil terminal lights alike. Luckily, Navionics is by no means banned, and a quick range and bearing in the palm of my hand gave me a course and distance to my imaginary point. Another step closer.

Still, Andrew needed to pilot us up the Hamble River, where Hamble Point’s sector lights can be easily lost in the welter of shore lights, and I was asked to bring the boat alongside, stern first at the end of a long gulley, giving me another chance to mess things up, right up to the last minute.

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Back at Calshot darkness falls ahead of the night navigation exercises

But with the boat tied up and put to bed, Andy took each of us off for a quick chat on the pontoon. Fortunately, he was pleased with how we had done and broke the news that we had both passed. Phew – mission accomplished!

We could finally open those beers and enjoy what we had just achieved. Both of us had found the week intense, all-absorbing and demanding – perhaps unsurprisingly. As a result, we felt that we’d been forced to up our game when it came to our sailing and skippering, and our skills had been updated by a decade or two.

We were now much better-rounded skippers than we’d been before. There were lots of learnings and some new skills to take back to our own boats, too, but we had also had a fun week along the way.

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The Sail Nelson Instructor Team

Sail Nelson is a fully accredited Royal Yachting Association sail training centre, run by sailors for sailors. We teach all abilities from novice to Yachtmaster™ Offshore.

Our passion is for sail cruising and to that end everyone here has spent many months and years cruising the worlds oceans. Setting sail, whether along the coast or across an ocean, is a psychological challenge made much easier when you have acquired the necessary skills. Nowhere are these skills more essential than in coastal waters where confident boat handling and accurate navigation are paramount. So, whether you’re planning to cruise for a weekend, a week, a month or a year we’re here to give you the knowledge, ability and confidence to enable you, your friends and your family to get the most out of sail cruising in a relaxed and enjoyable way.

Sail Nelson’s RYA qualified sailing instructors all have excellent tuition skills, proven sailing ability and many thousands of sea miles under their belts. They are patient with a good sense of humour and all love being on board in Nelson, with its stunning scenery and renowned sunny climate.

School Principal and Chief Instructor RYA Yachtmaster™ Instructor MNZ Master Yacht <24m

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Since moving to Nelson Chris (together with his wife Katy and 2 children Ben & Sally) has continued to sail, instruct and explore around the unspoiled coastline of New Zealand and many of the idyllic islands of the South Pacific and Tasman Sea. But for anyone who loves sailing and the outdoors Nelson is perhaps impossible to beat and Chris always loves sharing it with visitors to the region.

Hannah Wilks

RYA Cruising Instructor

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Hannah’s passion for tall ships has taken her to the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, including in the Tall Ships Races. More recently she sailed from the west coast of Scotland to Kristiansand in Norway, via the Orkney and Shetland islands aboard the 90ft Brixham Trawler, “Boy Leslie”, built in 1911.

When not teaching on board sail cruising yachts Hannah can often be found cruising with friends or racing “round the cans” on board various keelboats. aboard which her knowledge and skills are much appreciated. Hannah first began sailing at Lake Taupo Yacht Club when still at primary school, in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand.

When she’s not sailing (which isn’t often) Hannah can usually be found hiking in the hills or volunteering as a conservation worker or perhaps in the garden tending her home-grown veggies.

Stuart Cook

RYA Yachtmaster™ Instructor MNZ LLO

rya yachtmaster nz

Stuart has been sailing and adventuring ever since he was 10 or younger and his passion for the sea and the outdoors combine to make him a perfect fit for Sail Nelson. Stuart worked as an instructor here several years ago and we’re fortunate to have him return to us after building on his already considerable experience, skippering and instructing adventure sail expeditions to various northern hemisphere destinations, including Iceland and the Faroes.

Stuart also previously managed and skippered the former round the world 78 foot racing yacht ‘Drum’ and his experience across a variety of sailing yachts, large and small, is in excess of 80,000 nautical miles. Working with the Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust Stuart has also gained Marine Wildlife Safe Skipper status. His depth of sailing experience is complimented by his excellent people skills and his flair in the galley. Stuart loves to share his knowledge and experience. A week sailing with him is always enjoyable and stimulating.

Ross Porter

RYA Yachtmaster™ Instructor

rya yachtmaster nz

Ross has been sailing since he joined the Sea Scouts in Norfolk. He grew up exploring The Norfolk Broads in a variety of different craft and has never lost his passion for the sea. Ross’ first career was as a marine engineer and he’s continued to use and share his engineering skills ever since.

Time spent in the Mediterranean delivering, maintaining and repairing a wide variety of cruising yachts further developed Ross’ diverse skill set and led to a couple of years working in the superyacht industry. But it’s on the smaller yachts and in the company of the people who sail them where Ross is happiest.

Many sailors have a love of the mountains as well as the sea and Ross is no exception. In the early 2000’s he worked as a ski area mechanic in the Southern Alps of New Zealand, before returning to working on yachts just outside Auckland at Pine Harbour.

Ross became a Coastguard rescue skipper at one of New Zealand’s busiest Coastguard units and during this time also became an RYA Yachtmaster Ocean. His focus moved from engineering to skippering and after a couple of trips between New Zealand and the tropical Pacific Islands, Ross worked in the UK as a delivery skipper and became an RYA Cruising Instructor, before returning to NZ and subsequently joining Sail Nelson.

Ross really enjoys sharing his experience and tales of the sea and back in NZ quickly added Yachtmaster Instructor to his long list of marine qualifications. When Ross isn’t on board a Sail Nelson yacht he can usually be found in his “shed” repairing something or making improvements to his recently purchased 50’ ex Sydney-Hobart racing yacht “Sababa”

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COMMENTS

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  22. RYA Yachtmaster Fast Track Theory Course

    The RYA Yachtmaster Fast Track Online Theory Course is an online program tailored for individuals with substantial maritime experience but lack formal qualifications. The course also accommodates those who have completed the Day Skipper course but need a refresher. ... New Zealand Email: [email protected] Phone: +64 3 548 5368 Mobile ...

  23. The Sail Nelson Instructor Team

    RYA Yachtmaster™ Instructor MNZ Master Yacht <24m. Chris, and his wife Katy, sailed their 35ft ketch Whistler from the UK to New Zealand, via Easter Island and Pitcairn during 2003/2004. Prior to that Chris grew up sailing in the UK and has sailed all his life since early childhood. He began with dinghies and small yachts, sailing all around ...